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Cockaigne
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==Etymology== While the first recorded uses of the word are the Latin ''Cucaniensis'' and the Middle English ''Cokaygne'', one line of reasoning has the name tracing to [[Middle French]] ''(pays de) cocaigne'' "(land of) plenty",<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lautrec.fr/tourisme/pastel.php?menu=3 |title=Le Pastel et le Pays de Cocagne |publisher=Lautrec.fr |access-date=2012-10-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505134056/http://www.lautrec.fr/tourisme/pastel.php?menu=3 |archive-date=2008-05-05 }}</ref> ultimately from a word for a small sweet cake sold to children at a fair. In [[Ireland]], it was mentioned in the ''[[Kildare Poems]]'', composed c. 1350. In [[Italian language|Italian]], the same place is called ''Paese della Cuccagna''; the Dutch equivalent is ''Luilekkerland'' ("lazy, delicious land"), translated from the [[Middle Dutch]] word ''Cockaengen'', and the German equivalent is ''Schlaraffenland''. In Spanish, an equivalent place is named ''[[Jauja]]'', after a rich mining region of the Andes, and ''País de Cucaña'' ("fools' paradise") may also signify such a place. From Swedish dialect ''lubber'' ("fat lazy fellow") comes ''Lubberland'',<ref>[https://archive.today/20120630212437/http://home.comcast.net/~wwftd/archives.html Today's wwftd is...], at ''Worthless words for the day'', by Michael A. Fischer.</ref> popularized in the ballad ''[[An Invitation to Lubberland]]''. In the 1820s, the name ''Cockaigne'' came to be applied jocularly to [[London]]<ref>''OED'' notes a first usage in 1824.</ref> as the land of [[Cockney]]s ("Cockney" from a "cock's egg", an implausible creature; see also [[basilisk]]), though the two are not linguistically connected otherwise. The composer [[Edward Elgar]] used the word "Cockaigne" for his [[symphonic poem|concert overture]] and suite evoking the people of London, ''[[Cockaigne (In London Town)]]'', Op. 40 (1901). The Dutch villages of [[Kockengen]] and [[Koekange]] may be named after Cockaigne, though this has been disputed.<ref>Moerman, H. J., Nederlandse plaatsnamen: een overzicht (1956), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 129</ref> The surname Cockayne also derives from the mythical land, and was originally a nickname for an idle dreamer.<ref name=Oxon>{{cite book|author1=Hanks, Patrick|author2=Hodges, Flavia|author3=Mills, A. D.|author4=Room, Adrian|title=The Oxford Names Companion|date=2002|location=Oxford|publisher=the University Press|isbn=978-0198605614}}</ref><ref name="auto">''The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland'', ed. by Patrick Hanks, Richard Coates, and Peter McClure, 4 vols (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016), I, p. 534 [s.v. ''Cockayne'']; {{ISBN|978-0-19-967776-4}}.</ref> The name of the drug [[cocaine]] is unrelated: it was named in 1860 by [[Albert Niemann (chemist)|Albert Niemann]] from the plant [[coca]] ([[Quechua languages|Quechua]] ''kúka'') and the suffix ''[[wikt:-ine|-ine]]'' used to form chemical terms.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G9E7gfJq0KkC&dq=cocaine+coca++ine+niemann&pg=PA10|title=Karch's Pathology of Drug Abuse|first1=Steven B. Karch|last1=MD|first2=Olaf|last2=Drummer|date=December 15, 2008|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9780849378812 |via=Google Books}}</ref>
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