Editing Cod (section)

==Species==
At various times in the past, taxonomists included many species in  the genus ''[[Gadus]]''. Most of these are now either classified in other genera, or have been recognized as forms of one of three species. All these species have a number of [[common name]]s, most of them ending with the word "cod", whereas other species, as closely related, have other common names (such as [[pollock]] and [[haddock]]).  However, many other, unrelated species also have common names ending with cod. The usage often changes with different localities and at different times.

===Cod in the genus ''Gadus''/True cod===

Three species in the genus ''Gadus'' are currently called cod:

{| class="wikitable collapsible"
|-
|+ {{nowrap|Cod in the genus ''Gadus''}}
|-
! Common name
! Scientific name
! Maximum<br />length
! Common<br />length
! Maximum<br />weight
! Maximum<br />age
! [[Trophic level|Trophic<br />level]]
! [[FishBase|Fish<br />Base]]
! [[FAO]]
! [[ITIS]]
! [[IUCN|IUCN status]]
|-
| [[Atlantic cod]]
| ''Gadus morhua'' <small>[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| 200&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"| 100&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"| 96.0&nbsp;kg
| style="text-align:right;"| 25 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 4.4
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref name=FBAtlantic>{{FishBase | genus = Gadus | species = morhua | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>[http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2218/en ''Gadus morhua''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907195108/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2218/en |date=7 September 2017 }} ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])  FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=164712 |taxon=Gadus morhua}}</ref>
| [[File:VU IUCN 3 1.svg|VU IUCN 3 1.svg]] <small>Vulnerable</small><ref>Sobel, J. (1996). ''Gadus morhua''. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species {{doi|10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T8784A12931575.en}}</ref>
|-
| [[Pacific cod]]
| ''Gadus macrocephalus'' <small>[[Wilhelm Gottlieb Tilesius von Tilenau|Tilesius]], 1810</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| 119&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"|  cm
| style="text-align:right;"| 22.7&nbsp;kg
| style="text-align:right;"| 18 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 4.0
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref name=FBPacific>{{FishBase | genus = Gadus | species = macrocephalus | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>[http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2219/en ''Gadus macrocephalus'' (Tilesius, 1810) ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207194404/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2219/en |date=7 February 2016 }} FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=164711 |taxon=Gadus macrocephalus}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|-
| [[Greenland cod]]
| ''Gadus ogac'' <small>Richardson, 1836</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| 77.0&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"|  cm
| style="text-align:right;"|  kg
| style="text-align:right;"| 12 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 3.6
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Gadus | species = ogac | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>[http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/3011/en ''Gadus ogac'' (Richardson, 1836) ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201235558/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/3011/en |date=1 February 2016 }} FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=164717 |taxon=Gadus ogac}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|}

The fourth species of genus Gadus, ''[[Gadus chalcogrammus]]'', is commonly called ''Alaska pollock'' or ''walleye pollock''. But there are also less widespread alternative trade names highlighting the fish's belonging to the cod genus, like ''snow cod''<ref>Alaska Seafood Marketing Institute: ''Whitefish Buyers Guide''. (Memento of the [https://web.archive.org/web/20060926232617/http://www.alaskaseafood.org/retailers/practices/pages/buyerguide-whitefish/index.html original] as of 26 September 2006 in the ''[[Internet Archive]]'').</ref><ref name="seafood-handbook">SeafoodSource.com (23 January 2014): ''[https://www.seafoodsource.com/seafood-handbook/finfish/pollock-alaska Alaska pollock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525040525/https://www.seafoodsource.com/seafood-handbook/finfish/pollock-alaska |date=25 May 2021 }}''.</ref><ref>Doré, Ian (1991): ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5lLUBwAAQBAJ&dq=%22snow+cod%22&pg=PA126 The New Fresh Seafood Buyer’s Guide: A manual for distributors, restaurants, and retailers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607210229/https://books.google.de/books?id=5lLUBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA126&lpg=PA126&dq=%22snow+cod%22&source=bl&ots=3JKgaK_uqF&sig=ACfU3U2yVYITK2_eFytdKdGvR-RPcyx8jw&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwibq6Gc3b3pAhUJzKQKHRumADgQ6AEwD3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=%22snow%20cod%22&f=false |date=7 June 2020 }},'' p. 126.</ref> or ''bigeye cod''.<ref name="seafood-handbook"/>

===Related species===
''Cod'' forms part of the [[common name]] of many other fish no longer classified in the genus ''Gadus''. Many are members of the family [[Gadidae]]; others are members of three related families within the order [[Gadiformes]] whose names include the word "cod": the [[morid cod]]s, [[Moridae]] (100 or so species); the eel cods, [[Muraenolepididae]] (four species); and the [[Eucla cod]], [[Euclichthyidae]] (one species). The tadpole cod family ([[Ranicipitidae]]) has now been placed in Gadidae.

{| class=wikitable
|-
|+{{nowrap|"Cod" in the order Gadiformes, but not part of ''Gadus''}}
|-
! Common name
! Scientific name
! Maximum<br />length
! Common<br />length
! Maximum<br />weight
! Maximum<br />age
! [[Trophic level|Trophic<br />level]]
! [[FishBase|Fish<br />Base]]
! [[FAO]]
! [[ITIS]]
! [[IUCN|IUCN status]]
|-
| [[Arctic cod]]
| ''Arctogadus glacialis'' <small>(Peters, 1872)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| 32.5&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"|  cm
| style="text-align:right;"|  kg
| style="text-align:right;"|  years
| style="text-align:center;"| 3.8
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Arctogadus | species = glacialis | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| 
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=164704 |taxon=Arctogadus glacialis}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|-
| [[East Siberian cod]]
| ''Arctogadus borisovi'' <small>(Dryagin, 1932)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| 55.6&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"|  cm
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.5&nbsp;kg
| style="text-align:right;"|  years
| style="text-align:center;"| 3.9 
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Arctogadus | species = borisovi | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| 
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=164703 |taxon=Arctogadus borisovi}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|-
| [[Eucla cod]]
| ''Euclichthys polynemus'' <small>(McCulloch, 1926)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| 35.0&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"| 22.5&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"|  kg
| style="text-align:right;"|  years
| style="text-align:center;"| 3.6
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Euclichthys | species = polynemus | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| 
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=550695 |taxon=Euclichthys polynemus}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|-
| [[Common ling]]
| ''Molva molva'' <small>([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| 200&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"| 106&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"| 45.0&nbsp;kg
| style="text-align:right;"| 25 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 4.3
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Molva | species = molva | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>[http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2220/en ''Molva molva''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130320174050/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2220/en |date=20 March 2013 }} ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=164760 |taxon=Molva molva}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|-
| [[Pelagic cod]]
| ''Melanonus gracilis'' <small>(Günther, 1878)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| 18.7&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"|  cm
| style="text-align:right;"|  kg
| style="text-align:right;"|  years
| style="text-align:center;"| 3.5
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Melanonus | species = gracilis | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| 
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=550806 |taxon=Melanonus gracilis}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|-
| [[Polar cod]]
| ''Boreogadus saida'' <small>(Lepechin, 1774)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| 40.0&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"| 25.0&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"|  kg
| style="text-align:right;"| 7 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 3.1
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Boreogadus | species = saida | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>[http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2233/en ''Boreogadus saida'' (Lepechin, 1774)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501094448/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2233/en |date=1 May 2013 }} FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=164706 |taxon=Boreogadus saida}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|-
| [[Poor cod]]
| ''Trisopterus minutus'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| 40.0&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"| 20.0&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"|  kg
| style="text-align:right;"| 5 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 3.8
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Trisopterus | species = minutus | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| 
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=164754 |taxon=Trisopterus minutus}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|-
| [[Rock cod]]
| ''Lotella rhacina'' <small>(Forster, 1801)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| 50.0&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"|  cm
| style="text-align:right;"|  kg
| style="text-align:right;"|  years
| style="text-align:center;"| 3.5
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Lotella | species = rhacina | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| 
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=622984|taxon=Lotella rhacina}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|-
| [[Saffron cod]]
| ''Eleginus gracilis'' <small>([[Wilhelm Gottlieb Tilesius von Tilenau|Tilesius]], 1810)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| 55.0&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"|  cm
| style="text-align:right;"| 1.3&nbsp;kg
| style="text-align:right;"| 15 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 4.1
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Eleginus | species = gracilis | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>[http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/3014/en ''Eleginus gracilis'' (Tilesius, 1810)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212031909/http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/3014/en |date=12 February 2013 }} FAO, Species Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 2012.</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=164708 |taxon=Eleginus gracilis}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|-
| [[Small-headed cod]]
| ''Lepidion microcephalus'' <small>(Cowper, 1956)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| 48.0&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"|  cm
| style="text-align:right;"|  kg
| style="text-align:right;"|  years
| style="text-align:center;"| 3.5
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Lepidion | species = microcephalus | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| 
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=550831 |taxon=Lepidion microcephalus}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|-
| [[Tadpole cod]]
| ''Guttigadus globosus'' <small>(Paulin, 1986)</small>
| style="text-align:right;"| 18.1&nbsp;cm
| style="text-align:right;"|  cm
| style="text-align:right;"|  kg
| style="text-align:right;"| 3.5 years
| style="text-align:center;"| 
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{FishBase | genus = Guttigadus | species = globosus | month = April | year = 2012}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| 
| style="text-align:center;"| <ref>{{ITIS |id=623005 |taxon=Guttigadus globosus}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;"| <small>Not assessed</small>
|}

Some fish have common names derived from "cod", such as [[Morids|codling]], [[codlet]], or [[tomcod]]. ("Codling" is also used as a name for a young cod.)

===Other species===
Some fish commonly known as cod are unrelated to ''Gadus''. Part of this name confusion is market-driven. Severely shrunken Atlantic cod stocks have led to the marketing of cod replacements using [[culinary name]]s of the form "''x'' cod", according to culinary rather than phyletic similarity. The common names for the following species have become well established; note that all inhabit the [[Southern Hemisphere]].

==== Perciformes ====
Fish of the [[order (biology)|order]] [[Perciformes]] that are commonly called "cod" include:
*[[Blue cod]] ''Parapercis colias''
*[[Eastern freshwater cod]] ''Maccullochella ikei''
*[[Mary River cod]] ''Maccullochella mariensis''
*[[Murray cod]] ''Maccullochella peelii''
*[[Potato cod]] ''Epinephelus tukula''
*[[Sleepy cod]] ''Oxyeleotris lineolatus''
*[[Trout cod]] ''Maccullochella macquariensis''
*The notothen family, [[Nototheniidae]], including:
**[[Antarctic cod]] ''Dissostichus mawsoni''
***''Dissostichus eliginoides'', the [[Patagonian toothfish]], is also marketed as "cod"
**[[Notothenia microlepidota|Black cod]] ''Notothenia microlepidota''
**[[Maori cod]] ''Paranotothenia magellanica''

==== Rock cod, reef cod, and coral cod ====
Almost all [[coral cod]], [[reef cod]] or [[rock cod]] are also in order [[Perciformes]]. Most are better known as [[grouper]]s, and belong to the family [[Serranidae]]. Others belong to the [[Nototheniidae]]. Two exceptions are the [[Australasia]]n [[red rock cod]], which belongs to a different order (see below), and the fish known simply as the rock cod and as [[soft cod]] in New Zealand, ''[[Lotella rhacina]]'', which as noted above actually is related to the true cod (it is a morid cod).

==== Scorpaeniformes ====
From the order [[Scorpaeniformes]]:
*[[Ling cod]] ''Ophiodon elongatus''
*[[Red rock cod]] ''Scorpaena papillosa''
*Rock cod ''[[Sebastes]]''

==== Ophidiiformes ====
The tadpole cod family, [[Ranicipitidae]], and the [[Eucla cod]] family, [[Euclichthyidae]], were formerly classified in the order [[Ophidiiformes]], but are now grouped with the [[Gadiformes]].

===Marketed as cod===
Some fish that do not have "cod" in their names are sometimes sold as cod. Haddock and whiting belong to the same family, the Gadidae, as cod.
* [[Haddock]] ''Melanogrammus aeglefinus''
* [[Merlangius merlangus|Whiting]] ''Merlangius merlangus''