Editing Coiled coil (section)

==Discovery==

The possibility of coiled coils for α-[[keratin]] was initially somewhat controversial. [[Linus Pauling]] and [[Francis Crick]] independently came to the conclusion that this was possible at about the same time. In the summer of 1952, Pauling visited the laboratory in [[England]] where Crick worked. Pauling and Crick met and spoke about various topics; at one point, Crick asked whether Pauling had considered ''coiled coils'' (a term Crick came up with), to which Pauling said he had. Upon returning to the United States, Pauling resumed research on the topic. He concluded that coiled coils exist, and submitted a lengthy manuscript to the journal ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' in October. Pauling's son Peter Pauling worked at the same lab as Crick, and mentioned the report to him. Crick believed that Pauling had stolen his idea, and submitted a shorter note to ''Nature'' a few days after Pauling's manuscript arrived. Eventually, after some controversy and frequent correspondences, Crick's lab declared that the idea had been reached independently by both researchers, and that no intellectual theft had occurred.<ref>{{cite web| vauthors = Hager T |title=Narrative 43, Coils Upon Coils|url=http://scarc.library.oregonstate.edu/coll/pauling/proteins/narrative/page43.html|work=Linus Pauling and the Structure of Proteins|publisher=Oregon State University Special Collections and Archives Research Center|access-date=May 15, 2013}}</ref>  In his note (which was published first due to its shorter length), Crick proposed the ''coiled coil'' and as well as mathematical methods for determining their structure.<ref name="crick52">
{{cite journal | vauthors = Crick FH | title = Is alpha-keratin a coiled coil? | journal = Nature | volume = 170 | issue = 4334 | pages = 882–883 | date = November 1952 | pmid = 13013241 | doi = 10.1038/170882b0 | s2cid = 4147931 | bibcode = 1952Natur.170..882C }}</ref> Remarkably, this was soon after the structure of the [[alpha helix]] was suggested in 1951 by [[Linus Pauling]] and coworkers.<ref name="pauling51">
{{cite journal | vauthors = Pauling L, Corey RB, Branson HR | title = The structure of proteins; two hydrogen-bonded helical configurations of the polypeptide chain | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 37 | issue = 4 | pages = 205–211 | date = April 1951 | pmid = 14816373 | pmc = 1063337 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.37.4.205 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 1951PNAS...37..205P }}</ref> These studies were published in the absence of knowledge of a keratin sequence. The first keratin sequences were determined by Hanukoglu and Fuchs in 1982.<ref name="pages = –-1982">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hanukoglu I, Fuchs E | title = The cDNA sequence of a human epidermal keratin: divergence of sequence but conservation of structure among intermediate filament proteins | journal = Cell | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 243–252 | date = November 1982 | pmid = 6186381 | doi = 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90424-X | s2cid = 35796315 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/890743 }}</ref><ref name="pages = –-1983">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hanukoglu I, Fuchs E | title = The cDNA sequence of a Type II cytoskeletal keratin reveals constant and variable structural domains among keratins | journal = Cell | volume = 33 | issue = 3 | pages = 915–924 | date = July 1983 | pmid = 6191871 | doi = 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90034-X | s2cid = 21490380 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/890739 }}</ref>

Based on sequence and secondary structure prediction analyses identified the coiled-coil domains of keratins.<ref name="pages = –-1983" /> These models have been confirmed by structural analyses of coiled-coil domains of keratins.<ref name="pmid24265184">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hanukoglu I, Ezra L | title = Proteopedia entry: coiled-coil structure of keratins | journal = Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education | volume = 42 | issue = 1 | pages = 93–94 | date = Jan 2014 | pmid = 24265184 | doi = 10.1002/bmb.20746 | s2cid = 30720797 | doi-access = free }}</ref>