Editing Collegiate Press Service (section)

== History ==
=== United States Student Press Association ===
Collegiate Press Service began in 1962 as the news agency of the [[United States Student Press Association]] (USSPA),<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nyti.ms/3HJgUzp|title=RISING UNREST|work=The New York Times|date=April 4, 1965|page=191}}</ref> which at the time was receiving support and covert financing from [[Right-wing politics|right-wing]] organizations like ''[[Reader's Digest]]'' and the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]].<ref name="cia">{{cite news|last=Crewdson|first=John M.|date=December 27, 1977|title=C.I.A. established many links to journalists in U.S. and abroad |newspaper=The New York Times|page=1|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/12/27/archives/cia-established-many-links-to-journalists-in-us-and-abroad-cias.html|accessdate=January 20, 2009}}</ref><ref>Berlet, p. 282.</ref> CPS was originally based in [[Washington, D.C.]]

As the decade moved along, CPS drifted more [[Progressivism|leftward]], but in the summer of 1967, two [[Far-left politics|radical]] staff members of CPS — [[Ray Mungo]] and [[Marshall Bloom]] — were purged from the USSPA; they immediately established the [[alternative news agency]] [[Liberation News Service]] (LNS).<ref>{{cite book|last=McMillian|first= John Campbell|title=Smoking Typewriters: the Sixties Underground Press and the Rise of Alternative Media in America|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|date=2014|ISBN=9780199376469}}</ref>

=== Worker cooperative; move to Denver ===
When USSPA suffered financial setbacks in 1971 (eventually going defunct), CPS was spun off and became a progressive news collective in [[Denver]], Colorado.<ref name=Berlet285 /> (CPS continued to have a D.C. office until 1973, when the [[Dispatch News Service]] went defunct and CPS had to leave their shared office space.)<ref>Berlet, pp. 286–287.</ref>

In April 1978, CPS dissolved, selling its name (and client list) to two enduring advocates, cartoonist [[Ed Stein (cartoonist)|Ed Stein]] and writer Bill Sonn, and distributing funds from the sale to progressive groups in Denver.<ref name=Berlet285>Berlet, p. 285.</ref>

=== Interrobang ===
Stein and Sonn converted the operation to a commercial enterprise, adding '''High School News & Graphics''' to its college and university press service.

Stein remained as co-publisher of CPS<ref name=DP>{{cite news|last=Stratton|first=Jim|url=https://www.dailypress.com/news/dp-xpm-19920403-1992-04-03-9204030016-story.html |title=POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS IRRITATE CARTOONIST|work=[[Daily Press (Virginia)|Daily Press]]|date=Apr 3, 1992}}</ref> for only a short time, as he was appointed as the staff editorial cartoonist of the ''[[Rocky Mountain News]]'' later in 1978.<ref name="Ed Stein Cartoonist Profile">{{cite web|publisher=[[Association of American Editorial Cartoonists]]|url=http://editorialcartoonists.com/cartoonist/profile.cfm/SteinE/|title=AAEC - Cartoonist Profile: Ed Stein|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221184113/https://editorialcartoonists.com/cartoonist/profile.cfm/SteinE/|archive-date=Dec 21, 2018}}</ref> Sonn renamed the whole operation '''Interrobang, Inc.''', with himself as President and CEO.<ref name=Interrobang>{{cite web|title=Bill Sonn, Author and Writer|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/billsonn/details/experience/|publisher=[[LinkedIn]]|access-date=Jan 29, 2024}}</ref>

In 1990,<ref name=Interrobang /> Interrobang (and CPS) was acquired by [[Tribune Media Services]] (TMS), with Sonn staying on as CEO.

=== Tribune Media Services; College Press Exchange ===
In May 1991,<ref name=Interrobang /> TMS renamed CPS to '''College Press Exchange''', Interrobang was dissolved,<ref name=Interrobang /> and Sonn left the organization. At that point, it was supplying news and graphics to 600 college newspapers and 400 high schools with a staff of three and dozens of freelance writers and cartoonists.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}

In {{circa}} 1999, CPE was absorbed into the syndicate's existing service "'''tms Campus'''."{{citation needed|date=January 2024}}