Editing Colmar (section)

==History==
[[File:Colmar (Haut-Rhin) - Hôtel de ville (48 rue des Clefs).jpg|thumb|left|The [[Hôtel de Ville, Colmar|Hôtel de Ville]]]]

Colmar was first mentioned by [[Charlemagne]] in his chronicle about Saxon wars.<ref name="Encyclopaedia Britannica">{{cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Colmar | title=Colmar | publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica | access-date=24 June 2019}}</ref> This was the location where the [[Carolingian Empire|Carolingian]] Emperor [[Charles the Fat]] held a [[diet (assembly)|diet]] in 884.<ref>{{cite book |last1=BRAEUNER |first1=Gabriel |title=Colmar "Un Itinéraire à travers l'Histoire" |date=2005 |isbn=9782913302563 |page=60}}</ref> Colmar was granted the status of a [[free imperial city]] by Emperor [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick II]] in 1226.<ref name="Encyclopaedia Britannica"/> In 1354 it joined the [[Décapole]] city league.<ref name="Köbler">G. Köbler, ''Historisches Lexikon der deutschen Länder'', 7th edition, C.H. Beck, Munich, 2007.</ref> The city adopted the [[Protestant Reformation]] in 1575, long after the northern neighbours of [[Strasbourg]] and [[Sélestat]].<ref name="tourisme-colmar.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.tourisme-colmar.com/en/visit/presentation/history | title=The History of Colmar in 20 key dates | access-date=25 June 2019}}</ref> During the [[Thirty Years' War]], it was taken by the [[Swedish Empire|Swedish]] army in 1632, which held it for two years. In 1634, the Schoeman family arrived and started the first town library. In 1635, the city's harvest was spoiled by Imperialist forces while the residents shot at them from the walls.<ref>Helfferich, Tryntje, The Thirty Years War: A Documentary History (Cambridge, 2009), pp. 290.</ref>

The city was conquered by France under King [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] in 1673 and officially ceded by the 1679 [[Treaties of Nijmegen]].<ref>{{cite book | title=Eisenhower's Thorn on the Rhine: The Battles for the Colmar Pocket, 1944-45 | publisher=Casemate | author=Nathan Prefer | year=2015 | pages=18}}</ref> In 1854 a [[cholera]] epidemic killed many in the city.<ref name="tourisme-colmar.com"/> With the rest of Alsace, Colmar was ceded to the newly formed [[German Empire]] in 1871 as a result of the [[Franco-Prussian War]] and incorporated into the [[Alsace-Lorraine]] province.<ref>{{cite journal | title=The Economic Consequences of Annexation: Alsace-Lorraine and Imperial Germany, 1871-1918 |journal = Central European History|volume = 4|issue = 1| publisher=Cambridge University Press | date=1971 | author=Dan P. Silverman | pages=34–53|jstor = 4545591|doi = 10.1017/S0008938900000431| s2cid=146411340 }}</ref> It returned to France after [[World War I]] according to the 1919 [[Treaty of Versailles]],<ref>{{cite journal | title=The Local Law of Alsace-Lorraine: A Half Century of Survival |journal = The International and Comparative Law Quarterly|volume = 23|issue = 4|pages = 769–790| publisher=Cambridge University Press | author=H. Patrick Glenn|jstor = 758414|year = 1974|doi = 10.1093/iclqaj/23.4.769}}</ref> was annexed by [[Nazi Germany]] in 1940, and then reverted to French control after the battle of the "[[Colmar Pocket]]" in 1945.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.tourisme-colmar.com/en/visit/presentation/history/detailed-chronology/166-from-1918-to-1945-the-inter-war-period-and-hardships-time | title=From 1918 to 1945 - The inter-war period and hardships time | access-date=25 June 2019}}</ref> Colmar has been continuously governed by conservative parties since 1947, the [[Popular Republican Movement]] (1947–1977), the [[Union for French Democracy]] (1977–1995) and the [[Union for a Popular Movement]] (since 1995), and has had only three mayors during that time.<ref>{{cite web |title=Les maires de Colmar depuis la Révolution française |url=http://etienne.biellmann.free.fr/colmar/fr/maires.htm |website=etienne.biellmann.free.fr |access-date=24 September 2019}}</ref>

The [[Colmar Treasure]], a hoard of precious objects hidden by Jews during the [[Black Death]], was discovered here in 1863.<ref>Campbell Marian, "Treasures of the plague", September 2007</ref>