Editing Colony (section)

==Concept==
The word "colony" comes from the Latin word {{lang|la|[[Colonia (Roman)|colōnia]]}}, used for [[Ancient Rome|ancient Roman]] [[Outpost (military)|outpost]]s and eventually for cities. This in turn derives from the word {{lang|la|[[Colonus (person)|colōnus]]}}, which referred to a Roman [[tenant farmer]].

Settlements that began as Roman {{lang|la|coloniae}} include cities from [[Cologne]] (which retains this history in its name) to [[Belgrade]] to [[York]]. A telltale sign of a settlement within the Roman sphere of influence once being a Roman colony is a city centre with a grid pattern.<ref>{{cite book|author=James S. Jeffers|title=The Greco-Roman world of the New Testament era: exploring the background of early Christianity|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YGmKaXiUDiYC|year=1999|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=978-0-8308-1589-0|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=YGmKaXiUDiYC&pg=PA52 52–53]}}</ref>

With a long and changing history of use colonies have been distinguished from "settler colonies", which are the more particular type of a settlement or community and not so much territorial.<ref name="Overseas">{{Cite book |last=Stanard |first=Matthew G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pZlNDwAAQBAJ |title=European Overseas Empire, 1879 - 1999: A Short History |date=2018 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-1-119-13013-0 |doi=10.1002/9781119367376 |pages=4–5 |language=en | quote=One kind of colony comprises a group of people that leaves one place to settle in a distant land, and who then remain free of formal control of their country of origin. Ancient Greeks who departed the area around the Aegean Sea to establish settlements around the Mediterranean are an example of this, as is, more recently, the “colony” of Italians who settled in New York City from the late 1800s. A colony can also be such a settlement that remains controlled by the land from which the colonists originated. By 241 bce, the Roman Republic had established its first province in Sicily, for instance. More recent examples are Virginia and Australia, founded as British colonies in 1607 and 1788, respec-tively. A third type of colony is a territory conquered by a foreign power and placed in a subservient relationship within that power’s empire, but that, for whatever reason, is not settled by large numbers of people from the metropole. [...] A "colonist" is someone from a colonizing power who settles in a foreign or colonized land, a "colonizer" someone who engages in conquest and foreign rule, and the "colonized" those people subject to colonization, that is, indigenous people (natives) ruled over by foreigners and oftentimes dispossessed of their lands. To “colonize” (noun: “colonization”) usually refers to setting up a colony, that is, taking and populating lands. “Colonialism,” by contrast, often refers either to colonization or more generally to engaging in the practice of empire. This book emphasizes a major distinction, namely between “colonies” controlled by a metropole yet overwhelmingly populated by indigenous peoples, and “settler colonies,” lands where colonists took land for settlement.}}</ref>