Editing Colossae (section)

==Location and geography==

Colossae was in [[Phrygia]], in Asia Minor.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S5GJaakRvPgC&q=Colossae+was+located+in+Phrygia,+in+Asia+Minor.&pg=PA71 |title=The Uttermost Part of the Earth: A Guide to Places in the Bible |last=Losch |first=Richard R. |date=2005 |publisher=Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing |isbn=9780802828057}}</ref> It was located {{convert|15|km|abbr=on}} southeast of [[Laodicea on the Lycus|Laodicea]] on the road through the [[Lycus (river of Phrygia)|Lycus]] Valley near the Lycus River at the foot of [[Mt. Cadmus]], the highest mountain in Turkey's western [[Aegean Region]], and between the cities Sardeis and Celaenae, and southeast of the ancient city of [[Hierapolis]].<ref>Trainor, Michael, ''Colossae - Colossal In Name Only?'' [[Biblical Archaeology Review]], March/April 2019, Vol. 45, No. 2, p. 45.</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |title=Brill's New Pauly: encyclopaedia of the ancient world. Antiquity. [CAT-CYP] |date=2002–2010 |publisher=Brill |last1=Cancik |first1=Hubert |last2=Schneider |first2=Helmuth |last3=Salazar |first3=Christine F |last4=Orton |first4=David E. |isbn=9004122664 |location=Leiden |page=579 |oclc=54952013}}</ref>  [[Herodotus]] said that at Colossae "the river Lycos falls into an opening of the earth and disappears from view, and then after an interval of about five furlongs it comes up to view again, and this river also flows into the [[Büyük Menderes River|Meander River]]"<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/2456 |title=The History of Herodotus — Volume 2 by Herodotus}}</ref> Colossae has been distinguished in modern research from nearby ''Chonai'' ({{lang|grc|Χῶναι}}), called [[Honaz]] in modern times, with what remains of the buried ruins of Colossae ("the mound")  lying {{convert|3|km|abbr=on}} to the north of Honaz.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Cadwallader, Alan H. |author2=Trainor, Michael |year=2011 |title=Colossae in Space and Time: Linking to an Ancient City |chapter=Colossae in Space and Time: Overcoming Dislocation, Dismemberment and Anachronicity | series = Novum Testamentum et Orbis Antiquus/Studien zur Umwelt des Neuen Testaments (NTOA/StUNT), Vol. 94 |editor=Cadwallader, Alan H. |editor2=Trainor, Michael |pages=9–47 |location=Göttingen, GER |publisher=Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht |isbn=978-3647533971 |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=3525533977 |access-date=17 February 2016}} The case is made exhaustively in this book, over pages 11-37, wherein it states—after dispensing with a further false association of the ancient city with the island of Rhodes the home of The Colossus of Rhodes, which resulted in its being misplaced for hundreds of years (by "almost 200 kilometers to the south-west," p. 18ff)—in summary, that: "Colossae's various positions on early maps confirmed the confusion over identity [opening section title]. Cartographers positioned Colossae to the west (rather than south-east) of Laodicea<sup>7</sup> or, as 'Conos', between Laodicea to the north-west and Hieropolis to the north-east.<sup>8</sup> [p. 11] … 'Chonos' or some other guesttimation of the spelling of Honaz<sup>12</sup> sometimes subsumed Colossae. [p. 13] … The inhabitants of the immediate vicinity of the ancient site [Colossae, which had ceased to exist] were shackled in bureaucratic tabulation for tax purposes to the town of Honaz. [p. 14] … When Frances Arundell's sketch of Honaz appeared in 1834, the town had descended from the mountain heights [it was a mountain fortress, Honazdağ] but it was similarly labelled, albeit after the fashion of Nicetas Choniates: 'Chonas, … anciently Colossae'.<sup>98</sup> [p. 32] … The question was whether Honaz and Colossae were to be equated or separated and whether the contemporary Honaz was the means to pinpoint the ancient… site. [p. 33] … William Hamilton became the one credited with the separation of Colossae from Chonai with the former's location at the mound three kilometers to the north of Honaz.<sup>108</sup> [p. 35] … Two photographs of the 'Ruines de Colossae' and 'Chonas' by Henri Carmignac published toward the endif the nineteenth century finally eliminated the concordant visualisation of the places that had been the legacy of Arundell ''(Fig. 11)''.<sup>113</sup> [p. 37]." For much earlier sources presenting the errant historical opinion, see the next two citations.</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Smith, William |year=1854 |title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography |chapter=Colossae |chapter-url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:id=colossae-geo |publisher=Walton & Maberly |location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Pétridès, Sophrone |year=1908 |title=Catholic Encyclopedia |chapter=Colossae |location=New York |publisher=Robert Appleton Company |volume=4 |chapter-url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04131a.htm}}</ref>