Editing Concentric zone model (section)

==The model==
Based on [[human ecology]] theory done by Burgess and applied on [[Chicago]], it was the first to give the explanation of distribution of [[social group]]s within [[urban area]]s.  This concentric ring model depicts urban land usage in concentric rings: the [[Central Business District]] (or CBD) was in the middle of the model, and the city is expanded in rings with different land uses. It is effectively an urban version of [[Johann Heinrich von Thünen|Von Thünen's]] regional land use model developed a century earlier.<ref>Jean-Paul Rodrigue, [http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch6en/conc6en/ch6c2en.html Urban Land Use Models] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320015417/http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch6en/conc6en/ch6c2en.html |date=2011-03-20 }} in ''Urban Land Use and Transportation''</ref> It influenced the later development of [[Homer Hoyt|Homer Hoyt's]] [[sector model]] (1939) and Harris and Ullman's [[multiple nuclei model]] (1945).

The zones identified are: 
# The center with the central business district,
# The transition zone of mixed residential and commercial uses or the [[zone of transition]],
# Working class [[residential]] homes (inner suburbs), in later decades called [[inner city]] or zone of independent working men's home,
# Better quality middle-class homes (outer suburbs) or zone of better housing,
# [[Commuter]] zone, high-class homes on outskirts of outer suburbs - homeowner can afford to commute to central business district.<ref>https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/cobblearning.net/dist/0/1338/files/2015/12/Concentric-Zone-Model-1dw14xo.pdf{{dead link|date=May 2025}} {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>

The model is more detailed than the traditional [[downtown|down]]-mid-uptown divide by which downtown is the CBD, uptown the affluent residential outer ring, and midtown in between.
[[Image:bid rent1.svg|250x250px|thumb|right|[[Bid rent theory|Bid rent curve]]]]
Burgess's work helped generate the [[bid rent theory|bid rent curve]]. This theory states that the concentric circles are based on the amount that people will pay for the land. This value is based on the profits that are obtainable from maintaining a business on that land. The center of the town will have the highest number of customers so it is profitable for retail activities. Manufacturing will pay slightly less for the land as they are only interested in the accessibility for workers, 'goods in' and 'goods out'. Residential land use will take the surrounding land.