Editing Concert of Europe (section)

== Overview ==
[[File:Prince Metternich by Lawrence.jpeg|thumb|''[[Portrait of Prince Metternich]]'' by [[Thomas Lawrence]]. [[Klemens von Metternich|Prince Metternich]], Austrian chancellor and foreign minister, as well as an influential leader in the Concert of Europe]]
The Concert of Europe describes the geopolitical order in Europe from 1814 to 1914, during which the great powers tended to act in concert to avoid wars and revolutions and generally maintain the territorial and political status quo. Particularly in the early years of the Concert, the Concert was maintained through the Congress System – sometimes called the Vienna System – which was a series of Congresses among the great powers to resolve disputes or respond to new issues.

The Concert of Europe is typically viewed in two distinct phases: the first from 1814 to through the early 1860s, and the second from the 1880s to 1914. The first phase, particularly before the [[Revolutions of 1848]], is sometimes known as the '''Age of Metternich''', due to the influence of the Austrian chancellor's [[conservatism]] and the dominance of Austria within the [[German Confederation]], or as the '''European Restoration''', because of the reactionary efforts of the Congress of Vienna to restore Europe to its state before the [[French Revolution]].  The ultimate failure of the Concert of Europe, culminating in the First World War, was driven by various factors including rival alliances and the rise of nationalism. The Congress-focused approach to international affairs continued to be influential in the later [[League of Nations]], the [[United Nations]], the [[Group of Seven]] and other multi-lateral summits and organizations.

The Concert of Europe arose from the coalitions which fought against revolutionary and Napoleonic France. The great powers of [[Austrian Empire|Austria]], [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], [[Russian Empire|Russia]] and the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]], had combined with a number of minor powers to defeat Napoleon for the final time in the [[Hundred Days]].  In the wake of this victory, these four great powers formalized their partnership in the [[Quadruple Alliance (1815)|Quadruple Alliance]]. In time, [[Kingdom of France|France]] under the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] was established as a fifth member of the Concert, after the [[Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1818)|Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle]] ended the occupation of France and established the [[Quintuple Alliance]]. The Ottoman Empire was later admitted to the Concert of Europe in 1856 with the Treaty of Paris following the [[Crimean War]] recognized and guaranteed Ottoman territory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://content.ecf.org.il/files/M00934_TreatyOfParis1856English.pdf|title=Treaty of Paris of 1856|website=Economic Cooperation Federation|access-date=October 17, 2019}}</ref>