Editing Condoleezza Rice (section)

==Early life==
Rice was born in Birmingham, Alabama, the only child of Angelena (née Ray) Rice, a high school science, music, and oratory teacher, and John Wesley Rice Jr., a high school guidance counselor, Presbyterian minister,<ref>{{cite web|first=Sheryl Henderson|last=Blunt|url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2003/september/1.42.html|title=The Unflappable Condi Rice|work=[[Christianity Today]]|access-date=March 8, 2012|date=September 1, 2003|archive-date=August 23, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823022951/https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2003/september/1.42.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and dean of students at [[Stillman College]], a [[Historically black colleges and universities|historically black college]] in [[Tuscaloosa, Alabama]].<ref name="tuscaloosanewshortoneducatorsrecall">{{cite news|last1=Horton|first1=Ebony|title=Stillman College educators recall Rice's ties to town|url=http://www.tuscaloosanews.com/article/DA/20041206/news/606118308/TL/|access-date=January 1, 2018|work=[[The Tuscaloosa News]]|date=December 6, 2004|quote=Rice moved from Titusville, near Birmingham, to Tuscaloosa in 1966 when her father, John Rice, became the dean of students at Stillman. The family resided on campus in a brick home behind Hay Residence Hall, while Rice, then 11, attended what is now Central High School.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921120128/https://www.tuscaloosanews.com/article/DA/20041206/news/606118308/TL/|archive-date=September 21, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> Her name, Condoleezza, derives from the [[Music terminology|music term]]<!-- link to redirect intentional. At present "musical terminology" links to a glossary/list with a short introduction about how most of the terms derive from Italian; should an article _about_ musical terminology itself be written here in future, that would be the appropriate destination here, not the list --> {{langnf|it|[[con dolcezza]]|sweetly, softly|paren=left}}, {{Literal translation|with sweetness}}). Rice has roots in the [[American South]] going back to the [[Antebellum South|pre–Civil War]] era, and some of her ancestors worked as [[sharecropper]]s for a time after emancipation. Rice discovered on the [[PBS]] series ''[[Finding Your Roots]]''<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nature.com/news/ancestry-testing-goes-for-pinpoint-accuracy-1.10785 |title=Ancestry testing goes for pinpoint accuracy: Companies use whole genomes to trace geographical origins |work=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |first=Ewen |last=Callaway |date=June 6, 2012 |access-date=August 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906041454/http://www.nature.com/news/ancestry-testing-goes-for-pinpoint-accuracy-1.10785 |archive-date=September 6, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> that she is of 51% African, 40% European, and 9% Asian or Native American genetic descent, while her [[mtDNA]] is traced back to the [[Tikar people]] of [[Cameroon]].<ref name=YGG>{{cite news |work=Your Genetic Genealogist |url=http://www.yourgeneticgenealogist.com/2012/04/finding-your-roots-with-henry-louis_30.html |title=Episode 7: Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates, Jr., DNA |access-date=August 20, 2018 |quote=Dr. Gates' team also ordered an admixture test for Condoleeza. This DNA analysis revealed that her genetic makeup is 51% African, 40% European and 9% Native American or Asian", and "Condoleezza was surprised to learn that her mtDNA traced back to the Tikar people of Cameroon. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329044501/http://www.yourgeneticgenealogist.com/2012/04/finding-your-roots-with-henry-louis_30.html |archive-date=March 29, 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work=[[Finding Your Roots]] |url=https://www.pbs.org/video/finding-your-roots-samuel-l-jackson-condoleezza-rice-and-ruth-simmons/ |title=Samuel L. Jackson, Condoleezza Rice and Ruth Simmons |date=April 29, 2012 |access-date=August 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903064328/https://www.pbs.org/video/finding-your-roots-samuel-l-jackson-condoleezza-rice-and-ruth-simmons/ |archive-date=September 3, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In her 2017 book, ''[[Democracy: Stories from the Long Road to Freedom]]'', she writes, "My great-great-grandmother Zina on my mother's side bore five children by different slave owners" and "My great-grandmother on my father's side, Julia Head, carried the name of the slave owner and was so favored by him that he taught her to read."<ref name="ricedemocracy27">{{cite book|last1=Rice|first1=Condoleezza|title=Democracy: Stories from the Long Road to Freedom|date=2017 |publisher=Grand Central Publishing|location=New York|isbn=9781455540181|page=27}}</ref> Rice grew up in the [[Titusville, Birmingham, Alabama|Titusville]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Growing up with Condoleezza Rice|first=Emma|last=Beck|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4302605.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|date=February 28, 2005|access-date=September 25, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916043741/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4302605.stm|archive-date=September 16, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> neighborhood of Birmingham, and then [[Tuscaloosa, Alabama]], at a time when the South was [[Racial segregation in the United States|racially segregated]]. The Rices lived on the campus of Stillman College.<ref name="tuscaloosanewshortoneducatorsrecall"/>

Rice began to learn French, music, figure skating and ballet at the age of three.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Hawkins |first=B. Denise |date=September–October 2002 |title=Condoleezza Rice's Secret Weapon |journal=Today's Christian |url=http://www.christianitytoday.com/tc/2002/005/1.18.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080109235721/http://www.christianitytoday.com/tc/2002/005/1.18.html |archive-date=January 9, 2008 |access-date=October 26, 2008}}</ref> At the age of fifteen, she began piano classes with the goal of becoming a concert [[pianist]].<ref name="episode">{{cite episode |title=Condoleezza Rice |url=https://www.wqxr.org/story/47049-condoleezza-rice/ |series=Mad About Music |station=[[WNYC]] |airdate=January 2, 2005 |transcript-url=http://www.wnyc.org/shows/mam/episodes/2005/01/02 |transcript=Mad About Music |access-date=October 18, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526214552/https://www.wqxr.org/story/47049-condoleezza-rice/ |archive-date=May 26, 2019 }}</ref>

===Education===
In 1967, the family moved to Denver, Colorado. She attended [[St. Mary's Academy (Cherry Hills Village)|St. Mary's Academy]], an all-girls Catholic high school in [[Cherry Hills Village, Colorado]], and graduated at age 16 in 1971.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography of Condoleezza Rice, Former US Secretary of State |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/biography-of-condoleezza-rice-4779269 |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=ThoughtCo |language=en}}</ref> Rice enrolled at the University of Denver, where her father worked at the time.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-08-27 |title=Rice receives outstanding alumna award from DU school of international studies |url=https://www.denverpost.com/2010/08/27/rice-receives-outstanding-alumna-award-from-du-school-of-international-studies/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=The Denver Post |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-10-19 |title=Condoleezza Rice tells 'Post' of family ties to PM |url=https://www.jpost.com/arts-and-culture/books/condoleezza-rice-tells-post-of-family-ties-to-pm |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com |language=en}}</ref>

Rice initially majored in music, and after her sophomore year, she went to the [[Aspen Music Festival and School]]. There, she later said, she met students of greater talent than herself, and she doubted her career prospects as a pianist. She began to consider an alternative major.<ref name="episode"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://magazine.du.edu/alumni/facing-forward-looking-back/ |first=Tamara |last=Chapman |title=Facing Forward, Looking Back |work=University of Denver Magazine |date=Summer 2010 |access-date=September 1, 2010 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823022945/https://magazine-archive.du.edu/alumni/facing-forward-looking-back/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She attended an International Politics course taught by [[Josef Korbel]], which sparked her interest in the [[Soviet Union]] and [[international relations]]. Rice later described Korbel (who is the father of [[Madeleine Albright]], then a future U.S. Secretary of State), as a central figure in her life.<ref>{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Dobbs |author-link=Michael Dobbs |title=Josef Korbel's Enduring Foreign Policy Legacy; Professor Mentored Daughter Albright and Student Rice |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/12/28/josef-korbels-enduring-foreign-policy-legacy/8d31958e-07e6-4aff-a3a5-0426f487c9fe/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=December 28, 2000 |access-date=May 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527091615/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/12/28/josef-korbels-enduring-foreign-policy-legacy/8d31958e-07e6-4aff-a3a5-0426f487c9fe/ |archive-date=May 27, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 1974, at age 19, Rice was inducted into [[Phi Beta Kappa]] society, and was awarded a [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] degree ''[[cum laude]]'' in political science by the University of Denver. While at the University of Denver she was a member of [[Alpha Chi Omega]], Gamma Delta chapter.<ref name="test">{{cite web |url=http://www.uscaxo.com/dynamic/?Action=show_custom_content&pageid=1688 |title=Famous Alumnae |work=USC Alpha Chi Omega |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017051717/http://www.uscaxo.com/dynamic/?Action=show_custom_content&pageid=1688 |archive-date=October 17, 2007 |access-date=September 12, 2018 }}</ref> She obtained an [[Master of Arts|M.A.]] degree in political science from the University of Notre Dame in 1975. She first worked in the [[State Department]] in 1977, during the [[Carter administration]], as an intern in the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. She also studied Russian at [[Moscow State University]] in the summer of 1979, and interned with the [[RAND Corporation]] in Santa Monica, California.<ref name="ordinarypeople">{{cite book|last=Rice|first=Condoleezza|title=Extraordinary Ordinary People: A Memoir of Family|publisher=[[Three Rivers Press]]|year=2010|pages=184–8|isbn=978-0-307-88847-1}}</ref> In 1981, at age 26, she received her [[Doctor of Philosophy|Ph.D.]] in political science from the [[Josef Korbel School of International Studies]] at the University of Denver. Her dissertation centered on military policy and politics in what was then the communist state of [[History of Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovakia]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Condoleezza |last=Rice |title=The Politics of Client Command: Party-Military Relations in Czechoslovakia, 1948–1975. |series=PhD dissertation |publisher=University of Denver |year=1981 |oclc=51308999 |url=http://130.253.4.23/record=b2587932~S3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927073911/http://130.253.4.23/record=b2587932~S3 |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 27, 2013 }}</ref>

From 1980 to 1981, she was a fellow at Stanford University's Arms Control and Disarmament Program, having won a [[Ford Foundation]] Dual Expertise Fellowship in [[Soviet Studies]] and [[International Security]].<ref name="ordinarypeople" /> Rice was one of only four women – along with [[Janne E. Nolan]], Cindy Roberts, and [[Gloria Duffy]] – studying international security at Stanford on fellowships at the time.<ref name="Janne Nolan obituary">{{cite news |last1=Stout |first1=David |title=Janne E. Nolan, Principled Adviser on World Affairs, Is Dead at 67 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/08/us/politics/janne-e-nolan-dead.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=July 8, 2019 |access-date=21 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="CISAC 25th Anniversary Celebration">{{cite web |last1=Conteras |first1=Nancy |title=Transcript of CISAC 25th Anniversary Celebration |url=https://fsi-live.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/evnts/media/transcript25th.pdf |publisher=Stanford CISAC |access-date=5 May 2021 |date=29 May 2009 |quote=Chip actively brought women into the discussion, starting with what have been called the "4 fellowettes" here at CISAC: Condi Rice, Janne Nolan, Cindy Roberts and me [Gloria Duffy], in 1980-82.}}</ref> Her fellowship at Stanford began her academic affiliation with the university and time in Northern California.

===Early political views===
Rice was a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] until 1982, when she changed her political affiliation to Republican, in part because she disagreed with the foreign policy of Democratic President [[Jimmy Carter]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Balz |first=Dan |title=The Republicans Showcase a Rising Star; Foreign Policy Fueled Rice's Party Switch and Her Climb to Prominence |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 1, 2000 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/08/01/the-republicans-showcase-a-rising-star/430295bb-7c08-4c39-b7ab-36a0a3de8c57/ |access-date=May 27, 2019 |archive-date=August 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823022954/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2000/08/01/the-republicans-showcase-a-rising-star/430295bb-7c08-4c39-b7ab-36a0a3de8c57/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Maki |last=Becker |title=20 Things You Probably Didn't Know About |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/2004/04/04/2004-04-04_20_things_you_probably_didn_.html |work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]] |date=April 4, 2004 |access-date=November 2, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211065013/http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/2004/04/04/2004-04-04_20_things_you_probably_didn_.html |archive-date=December 11, 2008}}</ref> and because of the influence of her father, who was Republican. As she told the [[2000 Republican National Convention]], "My father joined our party because the Democrats in [[Jim Crow]] Alabama of 1952 would not register him to vote. The Republicans did."<ref name="rice at rnc">{{cite news |last=Rice |first=Condoleezza |title=Text: Condoleezza Rice at the Republican National Convention |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/onpolitics/elections/ricetext080100.htm |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 1, 2000 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926004241/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/onpolitics/elections/ricetext080100.htm |archive-date=September 26, 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>