Editing Conflagration (section)

==Causes and types==

During a conflagration a significant movement of air and combustion products occurs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Conflagration|url=https://www.tititudorancea.com/z/conflagration.htm|website=tititudorancea.com}}</ref> Hot gaseous products of combustion move upward, causing the influx of more dense cold air to the combustion zone. Sometimes, the influx is so intense that the fire grows into a [[firestorm]].<ref>{{cite news |title=California wildfires rage, north and south, killing at least nine and putting tens of thousands at risk |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/deadly-california-wildfires-rage-north-and-south-destroying-paradise-putting-tens-of-thousands-at-risk/2018/11/09/19b0e2e8-e45a-11e8-b759-3d88a5ce9e19_story.html?wpisrc=nl_rainbow&wpmm=1 |access-date=10 November 2018 |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en}}</ref>

Inside a building, the intensity of gas exchange depends on the size and location of openings in walls and floors, the ceiling height, and the amount and characteristics of the [[Combustibility and flammability|combustible materials]].

*'''Industrial conflagrations''' include fires at [[Oil refinery|oil refineries]], such as the 2009 [[Cataño oil refinery fire]].
*[[Wildfires]] are fires in forests or other undeveloped areas, and may grow into a conflagration.
*An '''urban conflagration''' is defined as a "large, destructive fire that spreads beyond natural or artificial barriers; it can be expected to result in large monetary loss and may or may not include fatalities. An urban conflagration moves beyond a block and destroys whole sections of a city."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-lbqlnWXhLEC&q=%22urban+conflagration%22&pg=PA180|title=Disaster Planning and Control|isbn=9781593701895|last1=Kramer|first1=William Michael|year=2009|publisher=Fire Engineering Books }}</ref> Notable examples includes the [[Great Fire of London]] in 1666, the [[Great Fire of Tartu]] in 1775,<ref>{{cite book|last=Metz|first=M|title=Pile Foundations Baltic Piling Days 2012.|year=2013|publisher=CRC Pr I Llc|isbn=978-0415643344|page=38|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0415643341|display-authors=etal}}</ref> the [[Great Fire of Turku]] in 1827,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsnowfinland.fi/arts-culture/new-museum-plans-for-turkus-great-fire-anniversary|title=New Museum Plans for Turku's Great Fire Anniversary|work=News Now Finland|date=September 4, 2017|access-date=January 8, 2021}}</ref> and the [[Great Fire of Hamburg]] in 1842,<ref>Karl Heinrich Schleiden: ''Versuch einer Geschichte des großen Brandes in Hamburg vom 5. bis 8. Mai 1842''. Hamburg: Hoffmann und Campe, 1843. {{in lang|de}}.</ref> and the [[Camp Fire (2018)|Camp Fire]] in [[Paradise, California]] in 2018, which burned 18,000 structures and killed 85 people.<ref>[https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/01/colorado-saw-the-return-of-the-urban-firestorm.html] The Return of the Urban Firestorm ... What happened in Colorado was something much scarier than a wildfire | By David Wallace-Wells | Intelligencer | Jan. 1, 2022</ref>
*On board ships, a large uncontained fire may quickly lead to a '''ship conflagration'''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.doncio.navy.mil/chips/ArticleDetails.aspx?ID=2487 |title=CHIPS Articles: NRL RDT&E; Protecting Ships and Crew |access-date=2016-02-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010450/http://www.doncio.navy.mil/chips/ArticleDetails.aspx?ID=2487 |archive-date=2016-03-05 }}</ref> 
*The conflagration of a building is known as a '''[[structure fire]]'''.