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Connective tissue
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==Types== <gallery mode="packed"> File:Illu connective tissues 1.jpg File:Illu connective tissues 2.jpg </gallery> Connective tissue can be broadly classified into connective tissue proper, and special connective tissue.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shostak |first=Stanley |title=Connective Tissues |url=http://www.pitt.edu/~sshostak/biosci1450/hislec03.html |access-date=9 December 2012}}</ref><ref name="PorthMatfin2010">{{Cite book |last=Carol Mattson Porth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FFg88IaReBwC&pg=PA24 |title=Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States |last2=Glenn Matfin |date=1 October 2010 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |isbn=978-1582557243 |pages=24β |access-date=11 May 2011}}</ref> Connective tissue proper includes loose connective tissue, and dense connective tissue. Loose and dense connective tissue are distinguished by the ratio of ground substance to fibrous tissue. Loose connective tissue has much more ground substance and a relative lack of fibrous tissue, while the reverse is true of dense connective tissue. ===Loose connective tissue=== [[Loose connective tissue]] includes [[reticular connective tissue]], and [[adipose tissue]]. ===Dense connective tissue=== [[Dense connective tissue]] also known as '''fibrous connective tissue'''<ref name="NCI2024">{{Cite web |date=2 February 2011 |title=Fibrous connective tissue |url=https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/fibrous-connective-tissue# |access-date=2 November 2024 |website=NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms |publisher=National Cancer Institute |language=en}}</ref> is subdivided into [[dense regular connective tissue|dense regular]] and [[dense irregular connective tissue]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Potter |first=Hugh |title=The Connective Tissues |url=http://faculty.ucc.edu/biology-potter/connective_tissues.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031231335/http://faculty.ucc.edu/biology-potter/connective_tissues.htm |archive-date=31 October 2012 |access-date=9 December 2012}}</ref> Dense regular connective tissue, found in structures such as [[tendon]]s and [[ligament]]s, is characterized by [[collagen]] fibers arranged in an orderly parallel fashion, giving it tensile strength in one direction. Dense irregular connective tissue provides strength in multiple directions by its dense bundles of fibers arranged in all directions.{{cn|date=November 2022}} ===Special connective tissue=== '''Special connective tissue''' consists of [[cartilage]], [[bone]], [[blood]] and [[lymph]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caceci |first=Thomas |title=Connective Tisues |url=http://www.vetmed.vt.edu/education/curriculum/vm8054/labs/lab5/lab5.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130106123922/http://www.vetmed.vt.edu/education/curriculum/vm8054/labs/lab5/lab5.htm |archive-date=6 January 2013 |access-date=9 December 2012}}</ref> Other kinds of connective tissues include fibrous, elastic, and [[lymphatic system#Lymphoid tissue|lymphoid]] connective tissues.<ref>{{Cite news |last=King |first=David |title=Histology Intro |url=http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/intro/ct.htm#ordinspecial |access-date=9 December 2012}}</ref> Fibroareolar tissue is a mix of fibrous and [[Loose connective tissue#Areolar tissue|areolar tissue]].<ref name="Merriam">{{Cite web |title=Medical Definition of FIBROAREOLAR |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/fibroareolar |access-date=11 October 2018 |website=Merriam-Webster |language=en}}</ref> Fibromuscular tissue is made up of fibrous tissue and [[muscle tissue|muscular tissue]]. New vascularised connective tissue that forms in the process of wound healing is termed [[granulation tissue]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Granulation Tissue Definition |url=http://www.memidex.com/granulation-tissue |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116035707/http://www.memidex.com/granulation-tissue |archive-date=16 November 2018 |access-date=7 May 2016 |website=Memidex}}</ref> All of the special connective tissue types have been included as a subset of [[fascia]] in the ''fascial system'', with blood and lymph classed as ''liquid fascia''.<ref name="Bordoni">{{Cite journal |last=Bordoni |first=Bruno |last2=Mahabadi |first2=Navid |last3=Varacallo |first3=Matthew |date=2022 |title=Anatomy, Fascia |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29630284/ |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=29630284 |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=StatPearls}}</ref><ref name="Schleip">{{Cite journal |last=Schleip |first=R |last2=Hedley |first2=G |last3=Yucesoy |first3=CA |date=October 2019 |title=Fascial nomenclature: Update on related consensus process. |journal=Clinical Anatomy |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=929β933 |doi=10.1002/ca.23423 |pmc=6852276 |pmid=31183880}}</ref> Bone and cartilage can be further classified as '''supportive''' '''connective tissue'''. Blood and lymph can also be categorized as '''fluid connective tissue''',<ref name="Biga">{{Citation |last=Biga |first=Lindsay M. |title=4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects |date=2019 |work=Anatomy & Physiology |url=https://open.oregonstate.education/aandp/chapter/4-3-connective-tissue-supports-and-protects/ |access-date=2021-04-16 |publisher=OpenStax/Oregon State University |language=en |last2=Dawson |first2=Sierra |last3=Harwell |first3=Amy |last4=Hopkins |first4=Robin |last5=Kaufmann |first5=Joel |last6=LeMaster |first6=Mike |last7=Matern |first7=Philip |last8=Morrison-Graham |first8=Katie |last9=Quick |first9=Devon}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Supporting Connective Tissue {{!}} Human Anatomy and Physiology Lab (BSB 141) |url=https://courses.lumenlearning.com/ap1x94x1/chapter/supporting-connective-tissue/ |access-date=2021-04-16 |website=courses.lumenlearning.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Karki |first=Gaurab |date=2018-02-23 |title=Fluid or liquid connective tissue: blood and lymph |url=https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/fluid-liquid-connective-tissue-blood-lymph/ |access-date=2021-04-16 |website=Online Biology Notes |language=en-US}}</ref> and ''liquid fascia''.<ref name="Bordoni" /> ===Membranes=== [[Membrane]]s can be either of connective tissue or [[epithelial tissue]]. Connective tissue membranes include the [[meninges]] (the three membranes covering the [[brain]] and [[spinal cord]]) and [[synovial membrane]]s that line joint cavities.<ref name="SEER">{{Cite web |title=Membranes {{!}} SEER Training |url=https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/cells_tissues_membranes/membranes.html |access-date=3 August 2022 |website=training.seer.cancer.gov}}</ref> [[Mucous membrane]]s and [[serous membrane]]s are epithelial with an underlying layer of loose connective tissue.<ref name="SEER" />
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