Editing Correspondence theory of truth (section)

== History<!--'Veritas est adaequatio rei et intellectus' and 'Adaequatio rei et intellectus' redirect here--> ==
Correspondence theory is a traditional model which goes back at least to some of the [[ancient Greek philosophy|ancient Greek philosophers]] such as [[Plato]] and [[Aristotle]].<ref name=SEP>{{cite book |url = https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-correspondence/ |title = Correspondence theory of truth – The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |first = Marian |last=David |editor-first = Edward N. |editor-last = Zalta |date=28 May 2015 |publisher = Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=14 May 2019 |via = Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy }}</ref><ref name=EP>''[[Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]'', Vol. 2, "Correspondence Theory of Truth", auth.: [[Arthur N. Prior]], Macmillan, 1969, pp. 223–4.</ref> This class of theories holds that the truth or the falsity of a [[Mental representation|representation]] is determined solely by how it relates to a reality; that is, by whether it accurately describes that reality. As Aristotle claims in his ''[[Metaphysics (Aristotle)|Metaphysics]]'': "To say that that which is, is not, and that which is not, is, is a falsehood; therefore, to say that which is, is, and that which is not, is not, is true".<ref>Aristotle, ''[[Metaphysics (Aristotle)|Metaphysics]]'', 1011b26.</ref>

A classic example of correspondence theory is the statement by the [[medieval philosopher]] and theologian [[Thomas Aquinas]]: "'''Veritas est adaequatio rei et intellectus'''" ("Truth is the adequation of things and [[intellect]]"), which Aquinas attributed to the ninth-century [[Neoplatonist]] [[Isaac Israeli ben Solomon|Isaac Israeli]].<ref name=EP/><ref>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-correspondence "Correspondence Theory of Truth", in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy].</ref><ref>Thomas Aquinas, ''[[Summa Theologiae]]'', I. Q.16, A.2 arg. 2.</ref>

Correspondence theory was either explicitly or implicitly embraced by most of the [[Early modern philosophy|early modern]] thinkers, including [[René Descartes]], [[Baruch Spinoza]], [[John Locke]], [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]], [[David Hume]], and [[Immanuel Kant]].<ref name=SEP/> (However, Spinoza and Kant have also been [mis]interpreted as defenders of the [[coherence theory of truth]].)<ref>[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/truth-coherence/ The Coherence Theory of Truth (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)]</ref> Correspondence theory has also been attributed to [[Thomas Reid]].<ref>M. T. Dalgarno, E. H. Matthews (eds.), ''The Philosophy of Thomas Reid'', Springer, 2012, p. 195.</ref>

In [[late modern philosophy]], [[Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling]] espoused the correspondence theory.<ref>Joel Harter, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=0LKVphB6lM0C&q=correspondence Coleridge's Philosophy of Faith: Symbol, Allegory, and Hermeneutics]'', Mohr Siebeck, 2011, p. 91.</ref> According to Bhikhu Parekh, [[Karl Marx]] also subscribed to a version of the correspondence theory.<ref>Bhikhu Parekh, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=m3NKCAAAQBAJ&q=%22Correspondence+theory%22 Marx's Theory of Ideology]'', Routledge, 2015, p. 203.</ref>

In [[contemporary philosophy|contemporary]] [[Continental philosophy]], [[Edmund Husserl]] defended the correspondence theory.<ref>J. N. Mohanty (ed.), ''Readings on Edmund Husserl's Logical Investigations'', Springer, 1977, p. 191.</ref> In [[contemporary philosophy|contemporary]] [[analytic philosophy]], [[Bertrand Russell]],<ref name=R>Bertrand Russell, ''Philosophy of Logical Atomism'', Open Court, 1998 [1918].</ref> [[Ludwig Wittgenstein]] (at least in his [[Early Wittgenstein|early period]]),<ref name=W>Ludwig Wittgenstein, ''Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus'', Routledge 2001 [1921].</ref> [[J. L. Austin]],<ref name=A>Austin, J. L., 1950, "Truth", reprinted in ''Philosophical Papers'', 3rd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press 1979, 117–33.</ref> and [[Karl Popper]]<ref>[[Karl Popper]], ''Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge'', 1963.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2015/entries/popper/|title=Karl Popper|last=Thornton|first=Stephen|date=2015-01-01|editor-last=Zalta|editor-first=Edward N.|edition=Winter 2015}} ("Popper professes to be anti-conventionalist, and his commitment to the correspondence theory of truth places him firmly within the realist's camp.")</ref> defended the correspondence theory.