Editing Crash test (section)

== Types ==
* '''Frontal-impact tests''': which is what most people initially think of when asked about a crash test. Vehicles usually impact a solid [[concrete]] wall at a specified speed, but these can also be vehicle impacting vehicle tests. [[SUV]]s have been singled out in these tests for a while, due to the high ride-height that they often have.
* '''Moderate Overlap tests''': in which only part of the front of the car impacts with a barrier (vehicle). These are important, as impact [[forces]] (approximately) remain the same as with a frontal impact test, but a smaller fraction of the car is required to absorb all of the force. These tests are often realized by cars turning into oncoming traffic. This type of testing is done by the U.S.A. [[Insurance Institute for Highway Safety]] (IIHS), [[Euro NCAP]], [[Australasian New Car Assessment Program]] (ANCAP) and [[ASEAN NCAP]].
* '''Small Overlap tests''': this is where only a small portion of the car's structure strikes an object such as a pole or a tree, or if a car were to clip another car. This is the most demanding test because it loads the most force onto the structure of the car at any given speed. These are usually conducted at 15–20% of the front vehicle structure.
* '''[[Side collision|Side-impact]] tests''': these forms of accidents have a very significant likelihood of fatality, as cars do not have a significant [[crumple zone]] to absorb the impact forces before an occupant is injured.
*'''Pole-impact tests''': A difficult test which places a large amount of force on a small proportion on the side of the vehicle.
* '''[[Vehicle rollover|Roll-over]] tests''': which tests a car's ability (specifically the [[Pillar (car)|pillars]] holding the roof) to support itself in a dynamic impact. More recently, dynamic rollover tests have been proposed in lieu of static crush testing (video).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.autosafety.org/article.php?scid=37&did=1255 | title=Newly Developed Roof Crush Test Proves Existence of Safer Vehicles that can Withstand Rollover Crashes | publisher=The Center for Auto Safety | access-date=2007-06-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927195208/http://www.autosafety.org/article.php?scid=37&did=1255 | archive-date=2007-09-27 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
* '''Roadside hardware crash tests''': are used to ensure [[crash barrier]]s and crash cushions will protect vehicle occupants from roadside hazards, and also to ensure that guard rails, sign posts, light poles and similar appurtenances do not pose an undue hazard to vehicle occupants.
* '''Old versus new''': Often an old and big car against a small and new car,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adac.de/Tests/Crash_Tests/Jubilaeumscrash/default.asp?ComponentID=193389&SourcePageID=8645 |title=Ford Fiesta Vs Ford Sierra |publisher=ADAC |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419004010/http://www.adac.de/Tests/Crash_Tests/Jubilaeumscrash/default.asp?ComponentID=193389&SourcePageID=8645 |archivedate=April 19, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite video | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3ygYUYia9I | title = Renault Modus Vs Volvo 940 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140216035021/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3ygYUYia9I | archivedate = February 16, 2014 }}</ref> or two different generations of the same car model. These tests are performed to show the advancements in crash-worthiness.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}
* '''Computer model''': Because of the cost of full-scale crash tests, engineers often run many [[crash simulation|simulated crash tests]] using computer models to refine their vehicle or barrier designs before conducting live tests.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alba |first=Michael |date=2024-08-27 |title=Altair and Oasys team up for safety modeling, and more simulation news |url=https://www.engineering.com/altair-and-oasys-team-up-for-safety-modeling-and-more-simulation-news/ |access-date=2025-05-05 |website=Engineering.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
* '''Sled testing''': A cost-effective way of testing components such as airbags and seat belts is conducting sled crash testing. The two most common types of sled systems are reverse-firing sleds which are fired from a standstill, and decelerating sleds which are accelerated from a starting point and stopped in the crash area with a hydraulic ram. It can also be used to evaluate the [[Whiplash (medicine)|whiplash]] protection of a vehicle's [[Car seat|seat]].

<gallery>
File:B11127P029.jpg|A reverse-firing sled with a buck representing a conventional sedan prior to a run
File:CEF1602-05.jpg|Frontal moderate overlap crash test of a 2016 [[Toyota Tundra]]
File:CEN1707-10.jpg|Driver-side small overlap crash test of a 2017 [[Toyota Tacoma]]
File:CEP1713-07.jpg|Passenger-side small overlap crash test of a 2018 [[Kia Soul]]
File:CS16006-31.jpg|Side impact crash test of a 2016 [[Honda Fit]]
File:V10132P008.jpg|Side impact crash test of a 2018 [[Honda Odyssey (North America)|Honda Odyssey]]
File:V07443P002 (1).jpg|Rollover crash test of a 2006 [[Chevrolet Cobalt SS]].
File:V05161P017.jpg|Side-impact crash test of a 2002 [[Dodge Ram]] 1500 striking a 2004 [[Honda Accord]] mid-size sedan
File:V10044P006.jpg|Side pole impact crash test of a 2017 [[Lexus IS]]
File:NHTSA Front Crash Test-2006 Honda Ridgeline.jpg|Front full-width crash test of a 2006 [[Honda Ridgeline]]
File:V10027P015.jpg|Frontal full-width crash test of a 2017 [[Cadillac ATS-V]]
File:V08473P016.jpg|Side impact crash test of a 2014 [[Scion FR-S]]
File:V09911P014.jpg|Rear offset impact of a 2015 [[Ford F-150]]
File:V09727P441.jpg|Passenger-side oblique crash test of a 2015 [[Chevrolet Malibu]]
</gallery>