Editing Crew resource management (section)

==Overview==
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The current generic term "crew resource management" (CRM) has been widely adopted but is also known as cockpit resource management; flightdeck resource management; and command, leadership and resource management. When CRM techniques are applied to other arenas, they are sometimes given unique labels, such as maintenance resource management, bridge and engine room resource management (BRM, ERM), or [[maritime resource management]].

CRM training encompasses a wide range of knowledge, skills, and attitudes including communications, situational awareness, problem solving, decision making, and teamwork; together with all the attendant sub-disciplines which each of these areas entails. CRM can be defined as a system that uses resources to promote safety within the workplace.

CRM is concerned with the cognitive and interpersonal skills needed to manage resources within an organized system rather than with the technical knowledge and skills required to operate equipment. In this context, cognitive skills are defined as the mental processes used for gaining and maintaining situational awareness, for solving problems and for making decisions. Interpersonal skills are regarded as communications and a range of behavioral activities associated with teamwork. In many operational systems, skill areas often overlap and are not confined to multi-crew craft or equipment, and relate to single operator equipment or craft.

Aviation organizations including major airlines and military aviation have introduced CRM training for crews. CRM training is now a mandated requirement for commercial pilots working under most regulatory bodies, including the [[FAA]] (US) and [[EASA]] (Europe). The [[NOTECHS]] system is used to evaluate non-technical skills. Following the lead of the commercial airline industry, the [[US Department of Defense]] began training its air crews in CRM in the mid 1980s.<ref>Diehl, Alan (November 5, 1992) "The Effectiveness of Civil and Military Cockpit Management Training Programs." Flight Safety Foundation, 45th International Air Safety Seminar, Long Beach, CA.</ref> The [[U.S. Air Force]] and [[U.S. Navy]] require all air crew members to receive annual CRM training to reduce human-error-caused mishaps.<ref>{{cite web |title=Air Force Instruction 11-290 |date=April 11, 2001 |publisher=Department of the Air Force |url=http://www.e-publishing.af.mil/shared/media/epubs/AFI11-290.pdf |access-date=2007-12-07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527001138/http://www.e-publishing.af.mil/shared/media/epubs/AFI11-290.pdf |archive-date=2011-05-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=OPNAVINST 1542.7C |date=October 12, 2001 |publisher=Department of the Navy, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations |url=https://www.netc.navy.mil/nascweb/crm/1542_7c.pdf |access-date=2011-03-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722202917/https://www.netc.navy.mil/nascweb/crm/1542_7c.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-22 }}</ref> The U.S. Army has its own version of CRM called Aircrew Coordination Training Enhanced (ACT-E).<ref>{{cite web|last=Brown |first=Douglas|title=ACT-E Update|url=https://safety.army.mil/knowledge_online/?TabId=563|work=Knowledge|publisher=US Army Safety Center|access-date=12 October 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013021159/https://safety.army.mil/knowledge_online/?TabId=563|archive-date=13 October 2013}}</ref>