Editing Crisis management (section)

==Introduction==
Crisis management is a situation-based management system that includes clear roles and responsibilities and processes related organizational requirements company-wide. The response shall include action in the following areas: crisis prevention, crisis assessment, crisis handling, and crisis termination. The aim of crisis management is to be well prepared for crisis, ensure a rapid and adequate response to the crisis, maintaining clear lines of reporting and communication in the event of crisis and agreeing rules for crisis termination.

The techniques of crisis management include a number of consequent steps from the understanding of the influence of the crisis on the corporation to preventing, alleviating, and overcoming the different types of crisis.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mikušová |first1=M. |last2=Horváthová |first2=P. |year=2019 |title=Prepared for a crisis? Basic elements of crisis management in an organisation |journal=Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=1844–1868 |doi=10.1080/1331677X.2019.1640625 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1640625|hdl=10084/138892 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> Crisis management consists of different aspects including: 
* Methods used to respond to both the reality and perception of crisis.
* Establishing metrics to define what scenarios constitute a crisis and should consequently trigger the necessary response mechanisms.
* Communication that occurs within the response phase of emergency-management scenarios.

Crisis-management methods of a business or an organization are called a crisis-management plan. A British Standard BS11200:2014 provides a useful foundation for understanding terminology and frameworks relating to crisis, in this document the focus is on the corporate exposure to risks in particular to the black swan events that result in significant strategic threats to organizations. Currently there is work on-going to develop an International standard.

Crisis management is occasionally referred to as [[incident management]], although several industry specialists such as [[Peter Power (crisis management specialist)|Peter Power]] argue that the term "crisis management" is more accurate.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Incident or crisis? Why the debate?|url=http://www.continuitycentral.com/feature0447.htm}}</ref>

A '''crises mindset''' requires the ability to think of the worst-case scenario while simultaneously suggesting numerous solutions. [[Trial and error]] is an accepted discipline, as the first line of defense might not work. It is necessary to maintain a list of contingency plans and to be always on alert. Organizations and individuals should always be prepared with a rapid response plan to emergencies which would require analysis, drills and exercises.<ref>Alan B. Bernstein and [[Cindy Rakowitz]] (2012). ''Emergency Public Relations: Crisis Management in a 3.0 World''. p. 5. {{ISBN|978-1469159546}}</ref>

The credibility and reputation of organizations is heavily influenced by the perception of their responses during crisis situations. The organization and communication involved in responding to a crisis in a timely fashion makes for a challenge in businesses. There must be open and consistent communication throughout the hierarchy to contribute to a successful [[crisis-communication]] process.

The related terms [[emergency management]] and [[business continuity management]] focus respectively on the prompt but short lived "first aid" type of response (e.g. putting the fire out) and the longer-term recovery and restoration phases (e.g. moving operations to another site). Crisis is also a facet of [[risk management]], although it is probably untrue to say that crisis management represents a failure of risk management, since it will never be possible to totally mitigate the chances of catastrophes' occurring.

'''An organizational crisis''' is described as a rare, high-impact event that jeopardizes the organization's survival. It is marked by uncertainty regarding the cause, effects, and solutions, along with the need for rapid decision-making.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sherman |first=W. Scott |date=2018 |title=Crisis? What Crisis? Strategic Crisis Management, and the GM Ignition Switch Crisis |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/2708789991 |journal=SAM Advanced Management Journal |volume=83 |issue=1 |pages=41–50 |id={{ProQuest|2708789991}} |via=Proquest}}</ref>