Editing Cross-dressing (section)

==Terminology==
The phenomenon of cross-dressing is seen throughout recorded history, being referred to as far back as the [[Hebrew Bible]].<ref name="aggrawal_2009_16_3">{{cite journal |author=Aggrawal, Anil. |title=References to the paraphilias and sexual crimes in the Bible |journal=J Forensic Leg Med |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=109–14 |date=April 2009 |pmid=19239958 |doi=10.1016/j.jflm.2008.07.006 }}</ref> The terms used to describe it have changed throughout history; the [[Anglo-Saxon]]-rooted term "cross-dresser" is viewed more favorably than the [[Latin]]-origin term "transvestite" in some circles, where it has come to be seen as outdated and derogatory.<ref name="Capuzza">{{cite book |author=Jamie C. Capuzza |author2=Leland G. Spencer|title=Transgender Communication Studies: Histories, Trends, and Trajectories|publisher=[[Lexington Books]]|isbn=978-1-4985-0006-7|year=2015|page=174|access-date=October 21, 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A1emBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA174|quote=Eventually, the transvestite label fell out of favor because it was deemed to be derogatory; cross-dresser has emerged as a more suitable replacement ([[GLAAD]], 2014b).}}</ref> Its first use was in Magnus Hirschfeld's {{langx|de|[[Die Transvestiten]]|label=none}} (''The Transvestites'') in 1910, originally associating cross-dressing with non-heterosexual behavior or derivations of sexual intent. Its connotations largely changed in the 20th century as its use was more frequently associated with sexual excitement, otherwise known as transvestic disorder.<ref>{{Cite web |title=transvestism {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/transvestism |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> This term was historically used to diagnose psychiatric disorders (e.g. [[transvestic fetishism]]), but the former (cross-dressing) was coined by the [[transgender]] community.<ref name="Vaccaro">{{cite book |author=Annemarie Vaccaro |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkxjSnI2e0UC&pg=PA142 |title=Safe Spaces: Making Schools and Communities Welcoming to LGBT Youth |author2=Gerri August |author3=Megan S. Kennedy |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-313-39368-6 |page=142 |quote=Cross-dresser/cross-dressing. (1) The most neutral word to describe a person who dresses, at least partially or part of the time, and for any number of reasons, in clothing associated with another gender within a particular society. Carries no implications of 'usual' gender appearance, or sexual orientation. Has replaced transvestite, which is outdated, problematic, and generally offensive since it was historically used to diagnose medical/mental health disorders. |access-date=October 21, 2016}}</ref> The [[Oxford English Dictionary]] gives 1911 as the earliest citation of the term "cross-dressing", by [[Edward Carpenter]]: "Cross-dressing must be taken as a general indication of, and a cognate phenomenon to, homosexuality". In 1928, [[Havelock Ellis]] used the two terms "cross-dressing" and "transvestism" interchangeably. The earliest citations for "cross-dress" and "cross-dresser" are 1966 and 1976, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.oed.com/;jsessionid=54290019DADF286E3311933DC816B7ED?authRejection=true&url=%2Fview%2FEntry%2F44812%3FredirectedFrom%3Dcross-dress|title=Home: Oxford English Dictionary|website=www.oed.com|language=en|access-date=2019-02-17|archive-date=2021-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307191918/https://www.oed.com/;jsessionid=54290019DADF286E3311933DC816B7ED?authRejection=true&url=%2Fview%2FEntry%2F44812%3FredirectedFrom%3Dcross-dress|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==={{lang|fr|En femme}} and {{lang|fr|en homme}}===
The term '''''en femme''''' is a [[lexical borrowing]] of a French phrase. It is used in the transgender and crossdressing community to describe the act of wearing feminine clothing or expressing a stereotypically feminine personality. The term is a [[loanword]] from the [[French language|French]] phrase {{lang|fr|en femme}}<ref>{{Cite web |last=Butler |first=Kirstin |date=June 1, 2023 |title=We Were Never Meant to See this Photograph |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/casa-susanna-we-were-never-meant-to-see-this-photograph/ |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=www.pbs.org |language=en |archive-date=2024-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718121100/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/casa-susanna-we-were-never-meant-to-see-this-photograph/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Julia Serano's trans, gender, sexuality, & activism glossary |url=http://www.juliaserano.com/terminology.html |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=www.juliaserano.com}}</ref> meaning "as a woman", Most crossdressers also use a feminine name whilst {{lang|fr|en femme}}; that is their "femme name". In the cross-dressing community the persona a man adopts when he dresses as a woman is known as his "[[femme]] self".<ref>{{cite book|last=Boyd|first=Helen|title=My Husband Betty: Love, Sex and Life With a Cross-Dresser|year=2004|publisher=Sdal Press|isbn=1560255153|pages=64|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vCT70HjI_a4C&q=en+femme}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

'''{{lang|fr|En homme}}''' ({{IPA|fr|ɑ̃n‿ɔm|lang}}) is a similar borrowing from French, used to describe the act of wearing masculine clothing or expressing a stereotypically masculine personality.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Scott |first=Joan Wallach |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1smjv00 |title=Only Paradoxes to Offer: French Feminists and the Rights of Man |date=1996 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-63930-0 |pages=140–141 |language=en |chapter=The Radical Individualism of Madeleine Pelletier |jstor=j.ctv1smjv00.8 |quote=To re-dress the female body 'en homme' was to signal its autonomy and its individuality . . . . She herself wore closely cropped hair, a starched collar, tie, and suit coat long before these had become fashionable attire for 'modern' women after World War 1. . . . She understood her transvestism as a transgression of prevailing norms, a way of establishing her individuality in the face of a disapproving crowd |chapter-url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1smjv00.8}}</ref> The term is borrowed from the French phrase {{lang|fr|en homme}} meaning "as a man". Most crossdressers also use a masculine name whilst {{lang|fr|en homme}}.