Editing Cuernavaca (section)

==The city==

===City of Eternal Spring===
[[File:Jardin borda.jpg|thumb|Flora in the Jardín Borda]]
Cuernavaca was one of the cities of the world [[nickname]]d "City of Eternal Spring". This appelative derived from [[Alexander von Humboldt]]'s  ''Researches concerning the institutions & monuments of the ancient inhabitants of America...:''<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Humboldt|first1=Alexander von|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125538|title=Researches concerning the institutions & monuments of the ancient inhabitants of America : with descriptions & views of some of the most striking scenes in the Cordilleras!|last2=Williams|first2=Helen Maria|date=1814|publisher=Published by Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, J. Murray & H. Colburn|volume=v.1-2 (1814) [Lacks:Pl.3]|location=London|access-date=23 September 2020|archive-date=23 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923075209/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125538|url-status=live}}</ref>

{{Blockquote|text=To the south east of the city of Cuernuvaca (the ancient Quauhnahuac), on the western declivity of the Cordillera of Anahuac, in that happy region, designated by the inhabitants under the name of ''tierra templada'' (temperate region) because it is the reign of perpetual spring, rises an insolated hill, which, according to the barometrical measurement of Mr. Alzate, is one hundred and seven metres high.|author=Humboldt (1810)|title=|source=}}

The city is located in a tropical region, but its temperature is fairly constant at {{convert|70|-|79|F|C|order=flip}}. It is located on the southern slope of the ''Sierra de Chichinautzin'' mountains. In the morning, warm air flows up the mountains from the valley below and in the late afternoon, cooler air flows down from the higher elevations. One ubiquitous flowering plant in the city is the [[bougainvillea]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://old.planeta.com/ecotravel/mexico/gardens/cuernavaca.html |last=Robleda de Buckley |first=Blanca |title=Ethnobotanical Garden in Cuernavaca |date=16 April 2016 |access-date=15 January 2019 |archive-date=16 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116095852/http://old.planeta.com/ecotravel/mexico/gardens/cuernavaca.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

This pleasant climate has attracted royalty and nobles since Aztec times. Foreign princes, archdukes, and other nobles have been attracted to this place because of its flowers, sun, fruits, fresh-water springs, and waterfalls. Emperor [[Maximilian I of Mexico]] set up a country residence in the city. Philanthropist [[Barbara Hutton]], who held several aristocratic titles through marriage, had a home on the outskirts of the city.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Winger|first1=Anna|title=Visiting an "Exquisite Limbo" in Mexico|url=http://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2015-12-31/an-ex-pats-guide-to-cuernavaca-mexico|website=Condé Nast Traveller|date=2 January 2016|access-date=7 January 2017|archive-date=25 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025025806/http://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2015-12-31/an-ex-pats-guide-to-cuernavaca-mexico|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Princess Maria Beatrice of Savoy]] (b. 1943) lived there from 1971 to 1999, and the Shah of Iran, [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]], lived in exile in the city following the Iranian Revolution.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1979/06/12/internacional/297986421_850215.html |title=El sha de Irán se instala temporalmente en México |newspaper=El Pais |date=12 June 1979 |access-date=18 December 2018 |language=es |trans-title=The Shah of Iran moves to Mexico temporarily |archive-date=17 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217110621/https://elpais.com/diario/1979/06/12/internacional/297986421_850215.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Although a native of the U.S., [[Bauhaus]] designer Michael van Beuren established his residence in a family hacienda in Cuernavaca while fleeing the rise of the Nazi regime in Germany (where he studied and practiced his profession), and a colony of Bauhaus designers grew in the city during World War II.<ref name="verdadera"/>

=== Cuernavaca metropolitan area ===
[[File:Libramiento Cuernavaca.JPG|thumb|Highway in the newer area of the city]]
Cuernavaca always has been a popular place for people from Mexico City to escape the city.<ref name="tusbuenasnoticias2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.tusbuenasnoticias.com/mexico/general/casetas-de-autopista-cuernavaca-acapulco-libres-de-pago/34598 |title = Casetas de Autopista Cuernavaca-Acapulco se mantienen libres de peaje: Nuño Lara|newspaper = Tus Buenas Noticias|date = 21 June 2024}}</ref> In the 20th century, the climate and flora began to attract many foreigners as well. Population increase in this urban area began in 1940, but the metro area was not created, nor recognized, until the 1960s. From this time the population and the extension of the metropolitan area have grown. From 1960 to 1980, the population had grown from 85,620 to 368,166. From the 1980s to the present, the municipalities of [[Emiliano Zapata, Morelos|Emiliano Zapata]], [[Jiutepec]], [[Texmixco, Morelos|Temixco]], [[Tepoztlán]], and [[Xochitepec]] have been added to the metropolitan area. These municipalities have seen the highest rates of growth, however; population and economic activity remain concentrated in the city of Cuernavaca proper. The metropolitan area has a population of 912,024 and the municipality has 366,321 inhabitants, as of 2015.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.www.inegi.org.mx/app/areasgeograficas/?ag=17 |title=Mexico in Figures |date=January 2016 |publisher=Insituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia |access-date=18 December 2018 |archive-date=19 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219000820/http://en.www.inegi.org.mx/app/areasgeograficas/?ag=17 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Over the decades since 1970, this metropolitan area has become more economically and socially integrated with the Mexico City metropolitan area. Many people from Mexico City own second homes there for weekend retreats, both for the climate and for the well-developed infrastructure. Starting in the 1980s permanent migration of Mexico City residents began, spurred by pollution and crime problems in the capital. The [[1985 Mexico City earthquake]] also pushed many well-to-do families there, fearful of the next catastrophe. In many of these cases, the main breadwinner commutes each day to work in Mexico City. This has produced a considerable increase in housing developments on the outskirts of the city, especially in the late 1990s and 2000s. This influx has had a positive economic benefit for the city but has put pressure on the infrastructure as well. 85% of the city of Cuernavaca is dedicated to housing, and much of this is in middle-class housing developments such as ''Rancho Cortés, Rancho Tetela'', and ''Colonia del Bosque'', which are located on the outskirts of the city. Lower-income housing is concentrated in the city proper.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}