Editing Cuneo (section)

==History==
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[[File:Cuneo – Via Nizza (xilografia).jpg|thumb|left|19th-century image of Cuneo]]
Cuneo was founded in 1198 by the local population, who declared it an independent commune, freeing themselves from the authority of the bishops of [[Asti]] and the [[marquisate of Monferrat|marquisses of Montferrat]] and [[marquisate of Saluzzo|Saluzzo]]. In 1210, the latter occupied it, and in 1231 the ''Cuneesi'' rebelled. In 1238, they were recognized as a free commune by [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Frederick II]].

In 1259, the independence of Cuneo ceased forever, as it gave itself, also to take protection against its more powerful neighbours, to [[Charles I of Anjou]], who was then the [[Count of Provence]]. Together with [[Alba, Italy|Alba]], it was the main Angevine possession in Northern Italy; Angevine rule interrupted by periods under the control of Saluzzo, Savoy, and the [[Visconti of Milan]] was ended in 1382 when Cuneo was acquired by the [[Duchy of Savoy]].

Cuneo became an important stronghold of the expanding Savoy state. The city was thus besieged several times by France: first in 1515 by Swiss troops of [[Francis I of France]], then again in 1542, 1557, 1639, 1641, 1691 and, during the [[War of the Austrian Succession]], in 1741. Cuneo resisted each siege successfully. The city was taken by [[First French Empire|France]] only during the [[Napoleonic Wars]] and was made the capital of the [[Stura]] department. After the restoration of the [[Kingdom of Sardinia]], and the [[unification of Italy]], Cuneo became the capital of its namesake province in 1859. In 1862, Cuneo was the location of a Polish Military School moved from [[Genoa]], which trained Polish officers in exile, the overwhelming majority of whom then fought in the Polish [[January Uprising]] in the [[Russian Partition]] of Poland in 1863–1864 (see also ''[[Italy–Poland relations]]'').<ref>{{cite web |url=https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Polska-Szkola-Wojskowa;3959783.html |title=Polska Szkoła Wojskowa |website=Encyklopedia PWN |access-date=11 January 2024 |language=pl}}</ref>

During [[World War II]], from 1943 to 1945, it was one of the main centres of [[Italian resistance movement|partisan resistance]] against the German occupation of Italy.{{Citation needed|date=May 2019}}
In 1943, Cuneo's Jewish citizens were briefly arrested and imprisoned at the nearby [[Borgo San Dalmazzo concentration camp]] by the order of Minister of the Interior [[Guido Buffarini Guidi]]. They were freed before the Minister's orders came into effect and most community members fled Cuneo into hiding. 

However, on 9 December 1944, the Cuneo Police Department reopened the camp and imprisoned the remaining Jewish residents of Cuneo most of whom were then deported to [[Auschwitz]]. Few survived according to reports. Italian partisans liberated Cuneo from the German and Italian fascist occupation on 25 April 1945. The retreating fascist forces murdered the remaining six Jewish prisoners being held at Cuneo's local prison.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/cuneo |title=Cuneo |website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref><ref>P. Bianchi-Andrea Merlotti, Cuneo in età moderna (2003), 103–13, 301–14</ref><ref>A. Cavaglion, "Nella notte straniera. Gli ebrei di St Martin Vésubie e il campo di concentramento di Borgo S. Dalmazzo," in: Cuneo: L'Arciere (1981, 2004)</ref><ref>A. Muncinelli, Gli ebrei nella provincia di Cuneo (1994)</ref>