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==Examples== Examples of cyclic works from the classical era and afterwards are: *[[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] **[[Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)|Symphony No.40 in G minor K.550]]: similar descending chromatic pattern shared by two outer movements in their second themes **[[Symphony No. 41 (Mozart)|Symphony No.41 in C major K.551]]: similarities in the principal rising dotted-rhythmic motifs of the first movement and the second movement; the dotted-rhythmic motif of the second movement develops into a theme that resembles one of the five themes of the finale; the minuet foreshadows the "C-D-F-E" motif of the finale **[[String Quartet No. 15 (Mozart)|String Quartet No.15 in D minor K. 421]]: "F-A-C-C-C-C" motif heard in all four movements **[[String Quartet No. 18 (Mozart)|String Quartet No.18 in A major K. 464]]: different rhythmic motifs of the concept "long-short-short-short" of the first movement and second movement combined in the finale. **[[Piano Sonata No. 14 (Mozart)|Fantasie & Sonata for Piano in C minor K. 475 & 457]]: motivic similarities between the preceding fantasie and the sonata **[[Piano Concerto No. 20 (Mozart)|Piano Concerto No.20 in D minor K. 466]]: The entries of the soloist in the outer movements share the same chord structure **[[Mass in C major, K. 220 "Sparrow"|Spatzenmesse in C major K. 220]]: theme of the Kyrie recalled in the Dona nobis pacem **[[Litanies (Mozart)|Litaniae de venerabili altaris sacramento K. 243]]: theme of the Kyrie recalled in the Miserere **[[Coronation Mass (Mozart)|Mass in C major, K. 317]]: theme of the Kyrie recalled in the Dona nobis pacem **[[Vesperae solennes de Dominica|Vesperae solennes de Dominica K. 321]]: A setting of the Minor Doxology (Gloria Patri et Filio) concludes all movements, with a rhythmic similarity in "Gloria" **[[Vesperae solennes de confessore|Vesperae solennes de confessore K. 339]]: A setting of the Minor Doxology (Gloria Patri et Filio) concludes all movements, with a rhythmic similarity in "Gloria" **[[Great Mass in C minor, K. 427|Mass in C minor K.427]]: The soprano melody of Quoniam tu solus in measure 96 (F-E-D-C#-C-...) resembles that of Cum sanctu spiritu in measure 98 (G-F#-E-D#-D-...) *[[Joseph Haydn]] **[[Symphony No. 31 (Haydn)|Symphony No. 31]]: material from start of first movement recalled at the end of the finale **[[Symphony No. 46 (Haydn)|Symphony No. 46]]: material from the menuetto third movement recalled in the finale *[[Ludwig van Beethoven]] **[[Piano Sonata No. 13 (Beethoven)|Piano Sonata No. 13]]: the opening theme of the sonata is recalled at the end of the finale **[[Piano Sonata No. 28 (Beethoven)|Piano Sonata No. 28]]: the transition from the third movement to the finale quotes the main theme of the first movement **[[Piano Sonata No. 31 (Beethoven)|Piano Sonata No. 31]]: the fugue subject in the finale is derived from the main theme of the first movement **[[Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 5]]: material from scherzo movement recalled in the finale **[[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 9]]: all three movements are briefly revisited in the finale *[[Franz Schubert]] **''Divertissement a la Hongroise'' **''[[Wanderer Fantasy]]'': entire piece based on [[thematic transformation]] **[[Piano Trio No. 2 (Schubert)|Piano Trio No. 2]]: materials from the second movement recalled in the finale **[[Schubert's last sonatas|Piano Sonata No. 20]]: the final measures of the sonata quote the beginning of the first movement, but played in reverse. *[[Felix Mendelssohn]] **[[Piano Sextet (Mendelssohn)|Piano Sextet]]: material from scherzo movement recalled in the finale **[[Octet (Mendelssohn)|Octet]]: material from scherzo movement recalled in the finale, plus allusions to first and second movements **Piano Sonata in E, Op. 6: opening of first movement recalled at end of finale **[[String Quartet No. 2 (Mendelssohn)|String Quartet in A minor, Op. 13]]: introduction to first movement recalled at end of finale, first movement and second movement recalled during finale. **[[String Quartet No. 1 (Mendelssohn)|String Quartet in E-flat, Op. 12]]: first movement recalled in finale **[[Symphony No. 3 (Mendelssohn)|Symphony No. 3]]: thematic transformation across all four movements *[[Hector Berlioz]] **''[[Symphonie Fantastique]]'': "idée fixe" heard in all five movements **''[[Harold in Italy]]'': "idée fixe" heard in all four movements *[[Robert Schumann]] **[[Symphony No. 2 (Schumann)|Symphony No. 2]] **[[Symphony No. 4 (Schumann)|Symphony No. 4]]: thematic transformation across all four movements **[[Piano Quintet (Schumann)|Piano Quintet]] *[[Niels Gade]] **Symphony No. 1: first movement recalled in finale *[[Franz Liszt]] **[[Sonata in B minor (Liszt)|Sonata in B minor]] **''[[Faust Symphony]]'' *[[Joachim Raff]] **[[Symphony No. 4 (Raff)|Symphony No. 4]]: first movement recalled in finale **Symphony No. 11: first movement recalled in finale *[[Camille Saint-Saëns|Saint-Saëns]] **[[Symphony No. 3 (Saint-Saëns)|Symphony No. 3]]: thematic transformation across all four movements **[[Cello Concerto No. 1 (Saint-Saëns)|Cello Concerto No. 1]]: two key first movement themes repeated in finale *[[César Franck]] **[[Symphony in D minor (Franck)|Symphony in D minor]] **[[Violin Sonata (Franck)|Violin Sonata]] **[[String Quartet (Franck)|String Quartet]] *[[Johannes Brahms]] **[[Piano Sonata No. 1 (Brahms)|Piano Sonata No. 1]] **[[String Quartet No. 3 (Brahms)|String Quartet No. 3]] **[[Symphony No. 3 (Brahms)|Symphony No. 3]]: The melody opening the first subject in the first movement is recalled in the codas of the first & fourth movements. **[[Clarinet Quintet (Brahms)|Clarinet Quintet]]: The melody opening the first movement is recalled just after the 5th variation in the fourth movement, but in the subdominant. The codas in the first & fourth movements are almost the same, except for how it finally closes (first movement closes with quiet B minor chords while fourth movement closes with a loud one and then a quiet one). *[[Bedřich Smetana]] **''[[Má vlast]]'', cycle of 6 symphonic poems: The opening from the first work ''Vyšehrad'' recalled in the second ''Vltava'' and the sixth works ''Blaník'', shortly before the latter two end. *[[Anton Bruckner]] **[[Symphony No. 4 (Bruckner)|Symphony No. 4]] - the opening perfect fifth motif is recalled in the finale. **[[Symphony No. 5 (Bruckner)|Symphony No. 5]] - the finale recalls themes from both the first and the second movements. **[[Symphony No. 8 (Bruckner)|Symphony No. 8]] - during the coda of the finale, the main themes of all four movements are played simultaneously. *[[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] **[[Symphony No. 4 (Tchaikovsky)|Symphony No. 4]]: "motto" of first movement recalled in the finale **''[[Manfred Symphony]]'': Material from the beginning of the first movement recalled halfway in the third movement. Material from the ending of the first movement used in the middle section of the second movement, and just before the organ sounds in the fourth movement. **[[Symphony No. 5 (Tchaikovsky)|Symphony No. 5]]: "motto" of first movement recalled in all later movements; first movement's first subject recalled in the finale **[[Serenade for Strings (Tchaikovsky)]]: Opening chorale in first movement is recalled in the coda of the finale *[[Anton Arensky]] **[[Piano Trio No. 1 (Arensky)|Piano Trio No. 1]]: Material opening the first movement recalled shortly before the finale ends. Material in the middle section from the third movement recalled halfway in the finale. *[[Antonín Dvořák]] **[[Symphony No. 9 (Dvořák)|Symphony No. 9:]] the theme of the first movement returns in all four movements *[[Arnold Schoenberg]] – [[Violin Concerto (Schoenberg)|Violin Concerto]], Op. 36 *[[Carlos Chávez]] **[[Symphony No. 3 (Chávez)|Symphony No. 3]] **[[Symphony No. 4 (Chávez)|Symphony No. 4]] *[[Edward Elgar]] **[[Symphony No. 1 (Elgar)|Symphony No. 1]]: "motto" theme from the 1st movement returns in the scherzo and finale **[[Symphony No. 2 (Elgar)|Symphony No. 2]]: "motto" theme from the 1st movement returns in the slow movement and finale *[[Sergei Rachmaninoff]] **[[Piano Sonata No. 1 (Rachmaninoff)|Piano Sonata No. 1]] **[[Piano Sonata No. 2 (Rachmaninoff)|Piano Sonata No. 2]] **'' [[Trio élégiaque No. 2 (Rachmaninoff)|Trio éléguiaque No. 2]]'' **[[Symphony No. 1 (Rachmaninoff)|Symphony No. 1]] **[[Piano Concerto No. 3 (Rachmaninoff)|Piano Concerto No. 3]] - the opening theme of the first movement is briefly quoted in the other two movements. *[[George Enescu]] **[[Chamber Symphony (Enescu)|Chamber Symphony]] in E major, Op. 33 **[[Octet (Enescu)|Octet for Strings in C major]] **[[Piano Quartet No. 1 (Enescu)|Piano Quartet No. 1]], Op. 16 **[[Piano Quartet No. 2 (Enescu)|Piano Quartet No. 2]], Op. 30 **[[Piano Quintet (Enescu)|Piano Quintet]] in A minor, Op. 29 **[[Piano Sonata No. 3 (Enescu)|Piano Sonata No. 3]], Op. 24, No. 3 **[[String Quartet No. 1 (Enescu)|String Quartet No. 1]], Op. 22, No. 1 **[[String Quartet No. 2 (Enescu)|String Quartet No. 2]], Op. 22, No. 2 **[[Symphony No. 1 (Enescu)|Symphony No. 1]], Op. 13 **[[Symphony No. 3 (Enescu)|Symphony No. 3]], Op. 21 **[[Symphony No. 4 (Enescu)|Symphony No. 4]] **[[Symphony No. 5 (Enescu)|Symphony No. 5]] **[[Violin Sonata No. 2 (Enescu)|Violin Sonata No. 2]], Op. 6 *[[Sergei Prokofiev]] **[[Piano Concerto No. 1 (Prokofiev)|Piano Concerto No. 1]]: Main opening theme reappears midway and at end of work, differently orchestrated each time. **[[Piano Sonata No. 6 (Prokofiev)|Piano Sonata No. 6]]: The opening of the first movement recalled in the "Andante" of the fourth movement. **[[Symphony No. 6 (Prokofiev)|Symphony No. 6]]: A theme from first movement is recalled in the finale. **[[Symphony No. 7 (Prokofiev)|Symphony No. 7]]: Both the second and third themes from the first movement return at the climax of the finale. *[[Vasily Kalinnikov]] **[[Symphony No. 2 (Kalinnikov)|Symphony No. 2]] *[[Dmitri Shostakovich]] **Suite for 2 Pianos in F-sharp minor, Op. 6: The main theme of the prelude is used in every movement. **[[Suite for Variety Orchestra (Shostakovich)|Suite for Variety Orchestra]]: Material opening the March is recalled at the very end of the Finale. **[[Symphony No. 7 (Shostakovich)|Symphony No. 7 "Leningrad"]]: The opening theme of the symphony is briefly recalled at the end of the fourth movement. **[[Piano Trio No. 2 (Shostakovich)|Piano Trio No. 2]]: The finale recalls material from the first and third movements. **[[Symphony No. 10 (Shostakovich)|Symphony No. 10]]: The finale incorporates both material from the Scherzo and the [[DSCH motif|"DSCH" motiv]] from the third movement. **[[String Quartet No. 8 (Shostakovich)|String Quartet No. 8]]: The [[DSCH motif|"DSCH" motif]] is used in all four movements as a unifying aspect. *[[Ralph Vaughan Williams]] **''[[A London Symphony]]'' (Symphony No. 2) **[[Oboe Concerto (Vaughan Williams)|Oboe Concerto]] **[[Symphony No. 4 (Vaughan Williams)|Symphony No. 4]] **[[Symphony No. 5 (Vaughan Williams)|Symphony No. 5]] *[[Heitor Villa-Lobos]] **[[Symphony No. 2 (Villa-Lobos)|Symphony No. 2]] **[[Symphony No. 3 (Villa-Lobos)|Symphony No. 3]] (cyclic only with relation to the following Symphony No. 4) **[[Symphony No. 4 (Villa-Lobos)|Symphony No. 4]] *[[Benjamin Yusupov]] **Cello Concerto
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