Editing DECT (section)

==Standards history==
The DECT standard was developed by [[ETSI]] in several phases, the first of which took place between 1988 and 1992 when the first round of standards were published. These were the ETS 300-175 series in nine parts defining the air interface, and ETS 300-176 defining how the units should be type approved. A technical report, ETR-178, was also published to explain the standard.<ref name=TR101178>{{cite web|url=http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/101100_101199/101178/01.05.01_60/tr_101178v010501p.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112212952/http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/101100_101199/101178/01.05.01_60/tr_101178v010501p.pdf |archive-date=2013-11-12 |url-status=live|title=ETSI TR 101 178 V1.5.1 (2005-02). Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT): A high level guide to the DECT standardization|website=Etsi.org|access-date=2 January 2018}}</ref> Subsequent standards were developed and published by ETSI to cover interoperability profiles and standards for testing.

Named Digital European Cordless Telephone at its launch by CEPT in November 1987; its name was soon changed to Digital European Cordless Telecommunications, following a suggestion by Enrico Tosato of Italy, to reflect its broader range of application including data services. In 1995, due to its more global usage, the name was changed from European to Enhanced. DECT is recognized by the [[ITU]] as fulfilling the [[IMT-2000]] requirements and thus qualifies as a [[3G]] system. Within the IMT-2000 group of technologies, DECT is referred to as IMT-2000 Frequency Time (IMT-FT).

DECT was developed by ETSI but has since been adopted by many countries all over the World. The original DECT frequency band (1880–1900&nbsp;MHz) is used in all countries in [[Europe]]. Outside Europe, it is used in most of [[Asia]], [[Australia]] and [[South America]]. In the [[United States]], the [[Federal Communications Commission]] in 2005 changed channelization and licensing costs in a nearby band (1920–1930&nbsp;MHz, or 1.9&nbsp;[[GHz]]), known as [[Unlicensed Personal Communications Services]] (UPCS), allowing DECT devices to be sold in the U.S. with only minimal changes. These channels are reserved exclusively for voice communication applications and therefore are less likely to experience interference from other wireless devices such as [[baby monitor]]s and [[wireless network]]s.

The New Generation DECT ([[#NG-DECT|NG-DECT]]) standard was first published in 2007;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etsi.org/index.php/news-events/news/199-news-release-10th-may-2007dect|title=DECT reaches a New Generation|website=Etsi.org|access-date=2 January 2018|archive-date=23 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823073927/https://www.etsi.org/index.php/news-events/news/199-news-release-10th-may-2007dect|url-status=dead}}</ref>  it was developed by ETSI with guidance from the [[Home Gateway Initiative]] through the DECT Forum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dect.org/magazine/DECT_FLIPBOOK6/DECT_Issue_006_October2016.html#p=10|title=DECT Issue 006 – October 2016|website=Dect.org|access-date=2 January 2018}}</ref> to support [[IP-DECT]] functions in [[home gateway]]/[[IP-PBX]] equipment. The ETSI TS 102 527 series comes in five parts and covers wideband audio and mandatory interoperability features between handsets and base stations. They were preceded by an explanatory technical report, ETSI TR 102 570.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/102500_102599/102570/01.01.01_60/tr_102570v010101p.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204070953/http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/102500_102599/102570/01.01.01_60/tr_102570v010101p.pdf |archive-date=2013-12-04 |url-status=live|title=ETSI TR 102 570 V1.1.1 (2007-03). Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); New Generation DECT; Overview and Requirements|website=Etsi.org|access-date=2 January 2018}}</ref> The DECT Forum maintains the [[CAT-iq]] trademark and certification program; CAT-iq wideband voice profile 1.0 and interoperability profiles 2.0/2.1 are based on the relevant parts of ETSI TS 102 527.

The [[DECT Ultra Low Energy]] (DECT ULE) standard was announced in January 2011 and the first commercial products were launched later that year by [[Dialog Semiconductor]]. The standard was created to enable [[home automation]], security, healthcare and energy monitoring applications that are battery powered. Like DECT, DECT ULE standard uses the 1.9&nbsp;GHz band, and so suffers less interference than [[Zigbee]], [[Bluetooth]], or [[Wi-Fi]] from microwave ovens, which all operate in the unlicensed 2.4&nbsp;GHz [[ISM band]]. DECT ULE uses a simple star network topology, so many devices in the home are connected to a single control unit.

A new low-complexity audio codec, [[LC3 (codec)#LC3plus|LC3plus]], has been added as an option to the 2019 revision of the DECT standard. This codec is designed for high-quality voice and music applications such as wireless speakers, headphones, headsets, and microphones. LC3plus supports scalable 16-bit narrowband, wideband, super wideband, fullband, and 24-bit high-resolution fullband and ultra-band coding, with sample rates of 8, 16, 24, 32, 48 and 96&nbsp;kHz and audio bandwidth of up to 48&nbsp;kHz.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103600_103699/103634/01.01.01_60/ts_103634v010101p.pdf| title = ETSI TS 103 634 V1.1.1 (2019-08): Low Complexity Communication Codec plus (LC3plus)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103700_103799/103706/01.01.01_60/ts_103706v010101p.pdf|title= ETSI TS 103 706 V1.1.1 (2022-01). Advanced Audio Profile}}</ref>

DECT-2020 New Radio protocol was published in July 2020; it defines a new physical interface based on [[cyclic prefix]] orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (CP-[[OFDM]]) capable of up to 1.2{{nbsp}}Gbit/s transfer rate with [[QAM]]-1024 modulation. The updated standard supports multi-antenna [[MIMO]] and [[beamforming]], FEC [[channel coding]], and hybrid [[automatic repeat request]]. There are 17 radio channel frequencies in the range from 450{{nbsp}}MHz up to 5,875{{nbsp}}MHz, and channel bandwidths of 1,728, 3,456, or 6,912{{nbsp}}kHz. Direct communication between end devices is possible with a [[mesh network]] topology. In October 2021, DECT-2020 NR was approved for the [[IMT-2020]] standard,<ref name=dect-2020-itu-r-approval>[https://www.etsi.org/newsroom/press-releases/1988-2021-10-world-s-first-non-cellular-5g-technology-etsi-dect-2020-gets-itu-r-approval-setting-example-of-new-era-connectivity World’s first non-cellular 5G technology, ETSI DECT-2020, gets ITU-R approval, setting example of new era connectivity]. ETSI, 19 October 2021</ref> for use in Massive Machine Type Communications (MMTC) industry automation, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC), and professional [[wireless audio]] applications with point-to-point or [[multicast]] communications;<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.dect.org/userfiles/file/Press%20releases/DECT%20Today/DECT%20Today%20May%202018.pdf| title = DECT Today (May 2018)| access-date = 30 May 2018| archive-date = 18 April 2021| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210418074647/https://www.dect.org/userfiles/file/Press%20releases/DECT%20Today/DECT%20Today%20May%202018.pdf| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/103500_103599/103515/01.01.01_60/tr_103515v010101p.pdf| title = ETSI TR 103 515 V1.1.1 (2018-03): Study on URLLC use cases of vertical industries for DECT evolution and DECT-2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/103500_103599/103515/01.01.01_60/tr_103515v010101p.pdf| title = ETSI TR 103 635 V1.1.1 (2019-11): DECT-2020 New Radio (NR) interface; Study on MAC and higher layers}}</ref> the proposal was fast-tracked by ITU-R following real-world evaluations.<ref
 name=etsi-tr-103810/><ref>[https://www.itu.int/md/R15-IMT.2020-C-0053 ITU-R R15-IMT.2020-C-0053]. Detailed schedule and actions for 'Way Forward' Option 2 related to "ETSI (TC DECT) and DECT Forum Proponent" and "Nufront Proponent" candidate technology submissions for IMT-2020</ref> The new protocol will be marketed as NR+ (New Radio plus) by the DECT Forum.<ref name=DECT_NR_plus/> [[OFDMA]] and [[SC-FDMA]] modulations were also considered by the ESTI DECT committee.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/103400_103499/103422/01.01.01_60/tr_103422v010101p.pdf| title = ETSI TR 103 422 V1.1.1 (2017-06): Requirements and technical analysis for the further evolution of DECT and DECT ULE}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/103500_103599/103513/01.01.01_60/tr_103513v010101p.pdf| title = ETSI TR 103 513 V1.1.1 (2019-11): DECT Technology Roadmap}}</ref>

OpenD is an open-source framework designed to provide a complete software implementation of DECT ULE protocols on reference hardware from [[Dialog Semiconductor]] and [[DSP Group]]; the project is maintained by the DECT forum.<ref>http://opend.dect.org {{Dead link|date=January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stackforce.github.io/opend-doc/|title=OpenD unified API: Introduction}}</ref>