Editing Dai Qing (section)

==Early life and education==
Fu Xiaoqing was born 24 August 1941 in [[Chongqing]], [[Sichuan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bouvard |first=Marguerite Guzman |url=http://archive.org/details/womenreshapinghu0000bouv |title=Women reshaping human rights : how extraordinary activists are changing the world |date=1996 |publisher=SR Books |isbn=978-0-585-19613-8}}</ref>{{Rp|page=66}} Her father was [[Fu Daqing]], an activist from [[Jiangxi]] who had studied Russian in Moscow and participated in armed rebellions in [[Nanchang uprising|Nanchang]] and [[Guangzhou Uprising|Guangzhou]]; her mother, Feng Dazhang (alternatively known as Yang Jie), had good family connections<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Barme |first=Geremie |date=1992 |title=The Trouble with Dai Qing |journal=Index on Censorship |volume=21 |issue=8 |pages=15–19 |doi=10.1080/03064229208535410 |doi-access=free}}</ref> and had trained as a petroleum engineer in Japan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PTMTBwAAQBAJ |title=The Multimedia Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World |date=2013-01-09 |publisher=[[SAGE Publications]] |isbn=978-1-4522-7068-5 |editor-last=Stange |editor-first=Mary Zeiss |pages=216–218 |language=en |chapter=Dai Qing |editor-last2=Oyster |editor-first2=Carol K. |editor-last3=Sloan |editor-first3=Jane E.}}</ref> Both were [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) activists<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Zhu |first=Tianbiao |title=Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: The Twentieth Century 1912-2000 |date=1998 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |isbn=978-0-7656-0798-0 |editor-last=Lee |editor-first=Lily Xiao Hong |volume=2 |pages=125–127 |language=en |chapter=Dai Qing |editor-last2=Stefanowska |editor-first2=A. D. |editor-last3=Wing-chung Ho |editor-first3=Clara |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XOGdnCPJSOMC&dq=Dai+Qing+journalist&pg=PA126}}</ref> and had begun doing intelligence work for the CCP following the [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Japanese invasion of China]] in 1937.<ref name=":0" /> They had two more children after Xiaoqing.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Li |first=Cheng |url=http://archive.org/details/rediscoveringchi0000lich |title=Rediscovering China : dynamics and dilemmas of reform |date=1997 |publisher=Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-585-08081-9}}</ref>{{Rp|page=287}} In 1944 or 1945, Japanese occupation forces arrested Daqing and executed him.<ref name=":0" /> Feng was also arrested, but eventually released.<ref name=":5" />

After the [[Second World War]] ended, Xiaoqing and her mother moved to Beijing. Xiaoqing was subsequently adopted by revolutionary leader and politician [[Ye Jianying]], a friend of her father's,<ref name=":0" /> and she was raised as part of his family. Xiaoqing started school and began using the name Fu Ning.<ref name=":1" /> Her middle school provided students with a strong liberal arts education,<ref name=":6" />{{Rp|page=285}} and Fu read widely as a child, becoming familiar with classic Russian and Western European literature before discovering American authors as a young adult.<ref name=":4" /> Her mother remarried.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gDqsCQAAQBAJ&dq=Dai+Qing+journalist&pg=PA641 |title=Censorship: A World Encyclopedia |date=2001-12-01 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-79864-1 |editor-last=Jones |editor-first=Derek |pages=641–642 |language=en |chapter=Dai Qing}}</ref>

From 1960 to 1966, Fu studied automatic missile guidance systems at the [[National University of Defense Technology|Harbin Institute of Military Engineering]]. While a student she also became a formal member of the CCP.<ref name=":5" />