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==History== [[File:Express Building Manchester.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Exterior of [[Owen Williams (engineer)|Owen Williams]]'s [[Daily Express Building, Manchester|Daily Express Building]] in Manchester]] [[File:Express Building.jpg|thumb|200px|Exterior of [[Daily Express Building, London|Daily Express Building]] in London, designed by Ellis and Clark]] The ''Daily Express'' was founded in 1900 by [[Sir Arthur Pearson, 1st Baronet|Sir Arthur Pearson]], with the first issue appearing on 24 April 1900.<ref>''Daily Express'', no.1, 24 April 1900.</ref> Pearson lost his sight to [[glaucoma]] in 1913,<ref>{{cite web |title=The late Sir Arthur Pearson, Bt, CBE |url=http://www.blindveterans.org.uk/about-us/patrons-and-governing-body/founder/the-late-sir-arthur-pearson,-bt,-cbe/ |publisher=Blind Veterans UK |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204155809/http://www.blindveterans.org.uk/about-us/patrons-and-governing-body/founder/the-late-sir-arthur-pearson%2C-bt%2C-cbe/ |archive-date=4 February 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> and sold the title to the future [[Max Aitken|Lord Beaverbrook]] in 1916.<ref name="FOB">{{cite web |title=Father of the Blind – A Portrait of Sir Arthur Pearson |url=http://andrew-norman.com/book/father-of-the-blind-a-portrait-of-sir-arthur-pearson |website=andrew-norman.com |access-date=30 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930131240/http://andrew-norman.com/book/father-of-the-blind-a-portrait-of-sir-arthur-pearson |archive-date=30 September 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The ''Express'' was one of the first papers to place news instead of advertisements on its front page,<ref name="FOB"/> and carried gossip, sport, and women's features. It was also the first in Britain to have a [[Crossword|crossword puzzle]]. It began printing in Manchester in 1927. In 1931 it moved its London headquarters to [[Daily Express Building, London|120 Fleet Street]], a specially commissioned [[Art Deco]] building. Under Beaverbrook, the paper set newspaper sales records several times throughout the 1930s.<ref name="hist">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/974835.stm |title=Daily Express: A chequered history |publisher=BBC News |date=25 January 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204160245/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/974835.stm |archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> Its success was partly due to aggressive marketing campaign and a circulation war with other populist newspapers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Daily-Express |title=Daily Express British newspaper |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204160359/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Daily-Express |archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> Arthur Christiansen became editor in October 1933. Under his direction sales climbed from two million in 1936 to four million in 1949. He retired in 1957.<ref>{{cite web |title=Journalism by Arthur Christiansen: The Express Way |url=http://www.northtrek.plus.com/Christiansen.htm |publisher=Perspective uk North / media |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204160553/http://www.northtrek.plus.com/Christiansen.htm|archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> The paper also featured [[Alfred Bestall]]'s ''[[Rupert Bear]]'' cartoon<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/209373/Happy-90th-birthday-Rupert-Bear |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131015121126/http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/209373/Happy-90th-birthday-Rupert-Bear |url-status=dead |archive-date=15 October 2013 |title=Happy 90th birthday Rupert Bear |publisher=Northern and Shell Media Publications |access-date=2 February 2016}}</ref> and satirical cartoons by [[Carl Giles]] which it began publishing in the 1940s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cartoons.ac.uk/article/giles-express-newspapers |title=Giles – Express Newspapers |publisher=JISC Arts and Humanities Council |access-date=2 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204160823/https://www.cartoons.ac.uk/article/giles-express-newspapers |archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> On 24 March 1933, a front-page headline, "Judea Declares War on Germany" (because of the [[Anti-Nazi boycott of 1933]]), was published.<ref>{{cite web |title=Judea declares war on Germany |url=http://socioecohistory.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/judea_declares_war_on_germany.jpg |date=2011 |website=socioecohistory.files.wordpress.com |format=JPG |access-date=14 January 2014 |archive-date=22 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140822060422/http://socioecohistory.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/judea_declares_war_on_germany.jpg |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Lang1">{{cite book |last=Lang |first=Berel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s5XVD4EoEkkC&pg=PA133 |title=Philosophical Witnessing: The Holocaust as Presence |date=2009 |publisher=UPNE |isbn=978-1-58465-741-5 |pages=132–133 |access-date=2 April 2023 |archive-date=16 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516223228/https://books.google.com/books?id=s5XVD4EoEkkC&pg=PA133#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> During the late 1930s, the paper advocated the [[appeasement]] policies of [[Neville Chamberlain]]'s [[National Government (1937–1939)|National Government]], due to the influence of Lord Beaverbrook.<ref>Geoffrey Cox 'Countdown to War'</ref> On 7 August 1939, the front-page headline was "NO WAR THIS YEAR". Less than a month later, Britain and France were at war with [[Nazi Germany]] following its [[invasion of Poland]]. The front page, floating in dirty water, later featured in ''[[In Which We Serve]]''. The ruralist and fascist author [[Henry Williamson]] wrote for the paper on many occasions over a span of half a century.<ref>UK Press Online reveals articles dating from "Sport among the rubbish heaps" (3 May 1921) to "After the storm, the dance of the phantoms" (27 March 1971)</ref> He also wrote for the ''Sunday Express'' at the beginning of his career.<ref>"A House of No Morals", ''Sunday Express'', 18 December 1921, and "Scarecrow Cottage", ''Sunday Express'', 25 December 1921</ref> In 1938, the publication moved to the [[Daily Express Building, Manchester]] (nicknamed the "Black Lubyianka"), designed by [[Owen Williams (engineer)|Owen Williams]] on the same site in [[Great Ancoats Street]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://sites.google.com/site/thepressingb/home/popular-press/the-daily-express |title=The Daily Express - The Press In Great Britain |date=May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204161346/https://sites.google.com/site/thepressingb/home/popular-press/the-daily-express |archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> It opened a similar building in Glasgow in 1936 in Albion Street. Glasgow printing ended in 1974<ref>{{cite book |last=Beattie |first=Frank |title=The Kilmarnock Fact Book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zPTBBQAAQBAJ&q=daily+express+glasgow+printing+plant+closes+plant&pg=PT51 |date=15 February 2013 |publisher=Amberley Publishing Limited |access-date=3 February 2016 |isbn=978-1-4456-1170-9 |archive-date=16 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516223224/https://books.google.com/books?id=zPTBBQAAQBAJ&q=daily+express+glasgow+printing+plant+closes+plant&pg=PT51#v=snippet&q=daily%20express%20glasgow%20printing%20plant%20closes%20plant&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref> and Manchester in 1989 on the company's own presses.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=802 |title=Daily Express, Manchester |publisher=Engineering Timelines |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204161837/http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=802 |archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> Johnston Press has a five-year deal, begun in March 2015, to print the northern editions of the ''Daily Express'', ''Daily Star'', ''Sunday Express'' and the ''Daily Star Sunday'' at its Dinnington site in Sheffield.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/preston-printing-firm-to-close-with-loss-of-91-jobs-1-7176031 |title=Preston printing firm to close with loss of 91 jobs |newspaper=Yorkshire Post |location=Leeds |date=25 March 2015 |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204161945/http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/preston-printing-firm-to-close-with-loss-of-91-jobs-1-7176031 |archive-date=4 February 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Scottish edition is printed by facsimile in Glasgow by contract printers, the London editions at Westferry Printers.<ref>{{cite web |title= History of British Newspapers |url= https://www.cashfloat.co.uk/blog/technology-innovation/daily-express/ |website= cashfloat.co.uk |access-date= 23 October 2017 |archive-date= 23 October 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171023230857/https://www.cashfloat.co.uk/blog/technology-innovation/daily-express/ |url-status= live }}</ref> In March 1962, Beaverbrook was attacked in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] for running "a sustained vendetta" against the [[British Royal Family]] in the ''Express'' titles.<ref>"'Vendetta against Royal Family': M.P. criticizes Lord Beaverbrook", ''The Times'', London, 21 March 1962, p.5.</ref> In the same month, [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|the Duke of Edinburgh]] described the ''Express'' as "a bloody awful newspaper. It is full of lies, scandal and imagination. It is a vicious paper."<ref>"Royalty's Recourse", ''Time'', New York, 30 March 1962.</ref> At the height of Beaverbrook's control, in 1948, he told a [[Royal Commission]] on the press that he ran his papers "purely for the purpose of making propaganda".<ref name="Beers">{{cite book|last=Beers|first=Laura|author-link = Laura Beers |title=Your Britain: Media and the Making of the Labour Party|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JkVg1vqo0E4C&pg=PA21|year=2010|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-05002-0|page=21|quote=In 1948, Beaverbrook told the Royal Commission on the Press that he "ran the [Express] purely for the purpose of making propaganda and with no other object....[Empire free trade] and an Empire Customs Union, Empire unity for the purpose of securing peace, and if necessary for making war. I look at it as a purely propagandist project."}}</ref><ref name="adammatthew5">{{cite web|url=http://www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Resources/Books/adammatthew5.html|title=Popular Newspapers during World War II|work=Adam Matthew Publications|access-date=25 January 2011|quote=If Winston Churchill was Britain's bulldog, then Lord Beaverbrook's ''Daily Express'' and ''Sunday Express'' were surely his bark. His papers were always bright, lively, and fiercely patriotic, and Beaverbrook had no qualms in telling a Royal Commission on the Press that he used them "purely for the purpose of making propaganda".|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828075914/http://www.history.ac.uk/ihr/Resources/Books/adammatthew5.html<!-- beta link -->|archive-date=28 August 2006}}</ref> The arrival of [[Television in the United Kingdom|television]], and the public's changing interests, took their toll on circulation, and following Beaverbrook's death in 1964, the paper's circulation declined for several years. During this period, the ''Express'', practically alone among mainstream newspapers, was vehemently opposed to [[Accession of the United Kingdom to the European Communities|entry]] into what became the [[European Economic Community]].<ref name="hist" /> {{Quote box | quote = "[I run the paper] purely for the purpose of making propaganda and with no other motive". | source = [[Lord Beaverbrook]], former owner (1948).<ref name="Beers" /> | align = left | width = 200px }} Partially as a result of the rejuvenation of the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' under [[David English (editor)|David English]] and the emergence of ''[[The Sun (United Kingdom)|The Sun]]'' under [[Rupert Murdoch]] and editorship of [[Larry Lamb (newspaper editor)|Larry Lamb]], average daily sales of the ''Express'' dropped below four million in 1967, below three million in 1975, and below two million in 1984.<ref>'This Express rush into oblivion can be halted', Peter Preston, ''[[The Observer]]'', 6 February 2000</ref> The ''Daily Express'' switched from [[broadsheet]] to [[Tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloid]] in 1977<ref>"Tabloid 'Express' will aim for the young", Peter Godfrey, ''[[The Times]]'' page 2, 21 January 1977</ref> (the ''Mail'' having done so six years earlier), and was bought by the construction company [[Trafalgar House (company)|Trafalgar House]] in the same year.<ref>'Beaverbrook accepts £14m bid from Trafalgar House', Richard Allen, ''[[The Times]]'' page 1, 1 July 1977</ref> Its publishing company, Beaverbrook Newspapers, was renamed Express Newspapers.<ref>'Express group ponders two new papers', Gareth Parry, ''[[The Guardian]]'', 25 February 1978 - "The name of Beaverbrook Newspapers will revert to its former designation, Express Newspapers"</ref> In 1982, Trafalgar House spun off its publishing interests to a new company, Fleet Holdings, under [[Victor Matthews, Baron Matthews|Lord Matthews]], but this succumbed to a hostile takeover by [[United Newspapers]] in 1985.<ref>'United wins Fleet Holdings fight', William Kay, ''[[The Times]]'' page 1, 15 October 1985</ref> Under United, the ''Express'' titles moved from Fleet Street to [[Blackfriars Road]] in 1989.<ref>'Signs of recovery at the Express', Charles Wintour, ''[[The Times]]'' page 38, 24 May 1989 - "Express Newspapers has now moved from the famous black glass building to a brand new, rubber-planted spacious construction just over Blackfriars Bridge"</ref> Express Newspapers was sold to publisher [[Richard Desmond]] in 2000, and the names of the newspapers reverted to ''Daily Express'' and ''Sunday Express''.{{Citation needed|date=May 2015}} In 2004, the newspaper moved to Lower Thames Street in the [[City of London]].<ref name="hist" /> In February 2018, it moved into 1 Canada Square in Canary Wharf. On 31 October 2005, UK Media Group [[Entertainment Rights]] secured majority interest from the ''Daily Express'' for [[Rupert Bear]]. They paid £6 million for a 66.6% control of the character. The ''Express'' retains minority interest of one-third plus the right to publish Rupert Bear stories in certain Express publications.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4393038.stm |title=Rupert the Bear moves to new home |publisher=BBC News |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204163017/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4393038.stm |archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> ===Richard Desmond era=== [[File:Chancellor George Osborne and Richard Desmond.jpg|thumb|In 2000, Express Newspapers was bought by [[Richard Desmond]] (''left'')]] In 2000, Express Newspapers was bought by Richard Desmond, publisher of celebrity magazine ''[[OK!]]'', for £125 million. Controversy surrounded the deal since Desmond also owned [[softcore pornography]] magazines.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1375421/Soft-porn-baron-buys-the-Express.html |title=Soft-porn baron buys the Express |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=23 November 2000 |last1=Leonard |first1=Tom |last2=Trefgarne |first2=George |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-date=27 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160227153945/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1375421/Soft-porn-baron-buys-the-Express.html |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result, many staff left, including editor [[Rosie Boycott]] and columnist [[Peter Hitchens]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12148240.Boycott_and_her_deputy_quit_porn_mogul_apos_s_Daily_Express_Editor_says_parting_is_amicable_despite_rift_with_new_owner/ |title=Boycott and her deputy quit porn mogul's Daily Express Editor says parting is amicable despite rift with new owner |work=The Herald |date=26 January 2001 |location=Glasgow |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-date=4 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204163614/http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12148240.Boycott_and_her_deputy_quit_porn_mogul_apos_s_Daily_Express_Editor_says_parting_is_amicable_despite_rift_with_new_owner/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Hitchens moved to ''[[The Mail on Sunday]]'', saying working for the new owner was a moral conflict of interest since he had always attacked the pornographic magazines that Desmond published.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1061015.stm |title=Veteran columnist quits Express |publisher=BBC News |date=9 December 2000 |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204164207/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1061015.stm |archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> Despite their divergent politics, Desmond respected Hitchens.<ref>{{cite news |last=Hitchens |first=Peter |url=http://www.newstatesman.com/node/139233/ |title=Rosie Boycott hugs me: "Everything you write is complete ****," she says, "but I like you" |work=New Statesman |location=London |date=18 December 2000 |access-date=1 June 2015 |archive-date=16 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116081504/http://www.newstatesman.com/node/139233 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2007, Express Newspapers left the [[National Publishers Association]] due to unpaid fees.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/mar/24/express-newspapers-pcc |title= Express Newspapers could be kicked out of PCC |work=The Guardian |location= London |date=24 March 2009 |access-date=3 February 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160204164418/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/mar/24/express-newspapers-pcc |archive-date=4 February 2016}}</ref> Since payments to the NPA fund the [[Press Complaints Commission]], it is possible that the ''Express'' and its sister papers could cease being regulated by the PCC. The chairman of the [[Press Standards Board of Finance]], which manages PCC funds, described Express Newspapers as a "rogue publisher".<ref>{{cite news |title='Rogue publisher' Richard Desmond in fallout with PCC |url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=43409&c=1 |url-status=dead |newspaper=Press Gazette |location=London |date=24 March 2009 |access-date=28 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429165318/http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/story.asp?sectioncode=1&storycode=43409&c=1 |archive-date=29 April 2009 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The Express group lost prominent libel cases in 2008–2009; it paid damages to people involved in the [[Disappearance of Madeleine McCann|Madeleine McCann]] case (see below), a member of the [[Muslim Council of Britain]], footballer [[Marco Materazzi]], and sports agent [[Willie McKay]]. The losses led the media commentator [[Roy Greenslade]] to conclude that Express Newspapers (which also publishes the ''Star'' titles) paid more in libel damages over that period than any other newspaper group. Although most of the individual amounts paid were not disclosed, the total damages were recorded at £1,570,000.<ref name="Greenslade">{{cite news |title = Libel pay-outs show why Desmond is a rogue proprietor |newspaper = The Guardian |location = London |date = 11 February 2009 |url = https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2009/feb/11/richarddesmond-dailyexpress |access-date = 28 March 2009 |first = Roy |last = Greenslade |archive-date = 16 May 2024 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240516223228/https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2009/feb/11/richarddesmond-dailyexpress |url-status = live }}</ref> Greenslade characterised Desmond as a "rogue proprietor".<ref name="Greenslade" /> In late 2008, Express Newspapers began cutting 80 jobs to reduce costs by £2.5 million; however, too few staff were willing to take voluntary redundancy.<ref>{{cite news |title = More than 80 jobs to go in Express cull |newspaper = The Guardian |location = London |date = 10 October 2008 |url = https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/sep/10/dailyexpress.richarddesmond |access-date = 28 March 2009 |first = Stephen |last = Brook |archive-date = 16 May 2024 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240516223221/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/sep/10/dailyexpress.richarddesmond |url-status = live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title = Express Newspapers looks for fresh savings as it misses redundancy target |newspaper = The Guardian |location = London |date = 6 March 2009 |url = https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/mar/06/express-newspapers-looks-for-savings |access-date = 28 March 2009 |first = Oliver |last = Luft |archive-date = 16 May 2024 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240516223227/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/mar/06/express-newspapers-looks-for-savings |url-status = live }}</ref> In early 2008, a previous cost-cutting exercise triggered the first 24-hour national press strike in the UK for 18 years.<ref>{{cite news |title = Desmond braves Express picket line |newspaper = The Guardian |location = London |date = 4 April 2009 |url = https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/apr/04/dailyexpress.dailystar |access-date = 28 March 2009 |first = Stephen |last = Brook |archive-date = 16 May 2024 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240516223228/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2008/apr/04/dailyexpress.dailystar |url-status = live }}</ref> In late August 2009 came plans for a further 70 redundancies, affecting journalists across Express Newspapers (including the ''Daily'' and ''Sunday Express'', the ''Daily Star'', and the ''Daily Star Sunday'').<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- beta link -->Laura Oliver<!-- beta link --> |url=http://www.journalism.co.uk/2/articles/535630.php |title=Northern & Shell to axe 70 journalists from Express and Star titles |publisher=Journalism |access-date=2 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100206073605/http://www.journalism.co.uk/2/articles/535630.php |archive-date=6 February 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In August 2009, the [[Advertising Standards Authority (United Kingdom)|Advertising Standards Authority]] criticised the company for [[advertorial]]s as features alongside adverts for the same products. The ASA noted that the pieces were "always and uniquely favourable to the product featured in the ads and contained claims that have been or were likely to be prohibited in advertisements".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/aug/12/express-newspapers-advertorials-richard-desmond-asa |title=ASA raps Richard Desmond's Express Newspapers over advertorials |last=Sweney |first=Mark |date=12 August 2009 |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=15 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asa.org.uk/asa/adjudications/Public/TF_ADJ_46700.htm |publisher=ASA |title=ASA Adjudications: Express Newspapers and Goldshield Ltd |access-date=15 August 2009 |date=12 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815132414/http://www.asa.org.uk/asa/adjudications/Public/TF_ADJ_46700.htm |archive-date=15 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asa.org.uk/asa/adjudications/Public/TF_ADJ_46734.htm |title=ASA Adjudications: Express Newspapers and LadyCare Lifetime Ltd |publisher=ASA |access-date=15 August 2009 |date=12 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090815132502/http://www.asa.org.uk/asa/adjudications/Public/TF_ADJ_46734.htm |archive-date=15 August 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Stephen Brook and agencies |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/aug/19/asa-daily-express-advertorial |title=Express censured for fourth time in two weeks over undeclared advertorials |newspaper=The Guardian |location=London |date=19 August 2009 |access-date=2 May 2010}}</ref> In January 2010, the ''Daily Express'' was censured by the Advertising Standards Authority over a front-page promotion for "free" fireworks. This led to comment that the ''Express'' has become "the [[Ryanair]] of [[Fleet Street]]", in that it is a "frequent offender" which pays little heed to the ASA's criticisms.<ref>{{cite news |last=Brook |first=Stephen |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2010/jan/27/express-banned-advertising-desmond |title=Daily Express is the Rynair of Fleet Street |work=The Guardian |location=London |date=27 January 2010 |access-date=2 May 2010}}</ref> In May 2010, Desmond announced a commitment of £100 million over five years to buy new equipment for the printing plants, beginning with the immediate purchase of four new presses, amid industry rumours that he was going to establish a printing plant at Luton. On 31 December 2010, the Express, with all the media titles in Desmond's [[Northern & Shell]] group, were excluded from the [[Press Complaints Commission]] after withholding payment.<ref name="guardian20110111">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2011/jan/11/richard-desmond-pcc |title=Desmond's papers excluded from system of press self-regulation |last=Greenslade |first=Roy |author-link=Roy Greenslade |date=11 January 2011 |work=The Guardian |location=London |access-date=16 January 2011}}</ref> [[Guy Black, Baron Black of Brentwood|Lord Black]], chairman of [[Press Standards Board of Finance|PressBof]], the PCC's parent organisation, called this "a deeply regrettable decision".<ref name="guardian20110111"/> According to ''Press Gazette'', in December 2016 circulation figures showed gross sales of the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' were 1,491,264 compared to 391,626 for the ''Daily Express''.<ref name="circ"/> The full run of the ''Daily Express'' has been digitised and is available at UK Press Online.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ukpressonline.co.uk/|title=Home|publisher=ukpressonline|access-date=13 November 2016|archive-date=16 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716130109/https://www.ukpressonline.co.uk/|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2017, ''[[Daily Mirror]]'' publisher [[Trinity Mirror]] announced its interest in buying all of Express Newspapers from Desmond. The ''[[Financial Times]]'' called it potentially the biggest change in the British newspaper industry for a decade.<ref>{{cite news |last=Bond |first=David |title=Trinity Mirror in talks to acquire Express |url= https://www.ft.com/content/2f9710c2-945c-11e7-a9e6-11d2f0ebb7f0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/2f9710c2-945c-11e7-a9e6-11d2f0ebb7f0 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |newspaper=Financial Times |location=London |date=8 September 2017 |access-date=20 September 2017}}</ref> ===Reach era=== In February 2018, [[Trinity Mirror]] acquired the ''Daily Express'', and other publishing assets of Northern & Shell, in a deal worth £126.7 million. To coincide with the purchase the Trinity Mirror group changed its name to ''Reach''.<ref name="buy express titles"/><ref name="name change"/> Hugh Whittow resigned as editor and [[Gary Jones (journalist)|Gary Jones]] took over as editor-in-chief soon after the purchase.<ref name="editors"/> The ''Daily Express'' endorsed [[Liz Truss]] in the [[July–September 2022 Conservative Party leadership election]].<ref>{{cite news |last=McKinstry |first=Leo |title=Liz Truss 'right choice' to lead Britain as next Prime Minister as Express rejects Sunak |url=https://www.express.co.uk/comment/columnists/leo-mckinstry/1652965/liz-truss-right-choice-lead-britain-prime-minister-rejects-rishi-sunak-update/amp |work=Daily Express |date=10 August 2022 |access-date=11 October 2022 |archive-date=10 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010234140/https://www.express.co.uk/comment/columnists/leo-mckinstry/1652965/liz-truss-right-choice-lead-britain-prime-minister-rejects-rishi-sunak-update/amp |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2023, Reach launched a US version of the Express, called the-express.com. It is based in New York City.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pressgazette.co.uk/north-america/reach-to-launch-us-operations-for-mirror-express-and-irish-star/ | title=Reach to launch US operations for Mirror, Express and Irish Star | date=8 December 2022 }}</ref>
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