Editing December 4 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[771]] &ndash; [[Austrasia]]n king [[Carloman I]] dies, leaving his brother [[Charlemagne]] as sole king of the [[Francia|Frankish Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Nelson|first=Janet L.|title=King and Emperor: A New Life of Charlemagne|location=Berkeley, Calif.|publisher=University of California Press|date=2021|isbn=9780520383210|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nesjEAAAQBAJ|page=108}}</ref>
* [[963]] &ndash; The lay [[Protonotary apostolic|papal protonotary]] is elected pope and takes the name [[Pope Leo VIII|Leo VIII]], being consecrated on 6 December after ordination.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gregorovius |first=Ferdinand |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tLk4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA348 | page=348 |title=History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages |date=1903 |publisher=Bell |language=en | edition= 2nd English | translator= Gustavus W. Hamilton | volume= III: AD 800–1002 | place= London }}</ref>
*[[1110]] &ndash; An army led by [[Baldwin I of Jerusalem]] and [[Sigurd the Crusader]] of [[Norway]] captures [[Siege of Sidon|Sidon]] at the end of the [[First Crusade]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Phillips|first=Jonathan|title=The Crusades, 1095-1204|location=London|publisher=Routledge|date=2014|isbn=9781315798219|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RxyvAwAAQBAJ|page=ii|postscript=none}}; {{cite book|last=Richard|first=Jean|title=The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem|location=Amsterdam|publisher=North-Holland Publishing Co.|date=1979|isbn=9780444850928|page=26|postscript=none}}; {{cite book|last=Maalouf|first=Amin|translator-last=Rothschild|translator-first=Jon|title=The Crusades Through Arab Eyes|location=London|publisher=Saqi|date=2012|isbn=9780863568480|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fj0hBQAAQBAJ|page=73}}</ref>
*[[1259]] &ndash; Kings [[Louis IX of France]] and [[Henry III of England]] agree to the [[Treaty of Paris (1259)|Treaty of Paris]], in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including [[Normandy]]) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels.<ref>{{cite book|last=Livingston|first=Michael|title=Crécy: Battle of Five Kings|location=Oxford, U.K.|publisher=Osprey Publishing|date=2022|isbn=9781472847058|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nSxlEAAAQBAJ|pages=56–57}}</ref>
*[[1563]] &ndash; The final session of the [[Council of Trent]] is held<ref>{{cite book|last=McGrath|first=Alister E.|title=Iustitia Dei: A History of the Christian Doctrine of Justification|location=Cambridge, U.K.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=2020|isbn=9781108472562|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JT_ODwAAQBAJ|page=333}}</ref> nearly 18 years after the body held its first session on December 13, 1545.<ref>{{cite book|last=Duffy|first=Stephen|title=The Dynamics of Grace: Perspectives in Theological Anthropology|location=Eugene, Ore.|publisher=Wipf & Stock|date=2007|isbn=9781556356384|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7yhKAwAAQBAJ|page=221}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1619]] &ndash; Thirty-eight [[colony|colonists]] arrive at [[Berkeley Hundred]], [[Colony of Virginia|Virginia]]. The group's charter proclaims that the day "be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God."
*[[1623]] &ndash; 50 Christians are executed in [[Edo (Tokyo)|Edo]], Japan, during the [[Great Martyrdom of Edo]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cieslik |first=Hubert |date=1954 |title=The Great Martyrdom in Edo 1623. Its Causes, Course, Consequences |journal=[[Monumenta Nipponica]] |volume=10 |issue=1/2 |pages=1–44 |doi=10.2307/2382790 |issn=0027-0741 |jstor=2382790}}</ref>
*[[1676]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Lund]], becomes the bloodiest battle in Scandinavian history.
*[[1745]] &ndash; [[Charles Edward Stuart]]'s army reaches [[Derby]], its furthest point during the [[Jacobite rising of 1745|Second Jacobite Rising]].
*[[1783]] &ndash; At [[Fraunces Tavern]] in New York City, U.S. General [[George Washington]] [[Fraunces Tavern#Washington's farewell to his officers|bids farewell to his officers]].
*[[1786]] &ndash; [[Mission Santa Barbara]] is dedicated (on the feast day of [[Saint Barbara]]).
*[[1791]] &ndash; The first edition of ''[[The Observer]]'', the world's first Sunday newspaper, is published.
*[[1804]] &ndash; The [[United States House of Representatives]] [[Impeachment of Samuel Chase|adopts]] [[articles of impeachment]] against [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court Justice]] [[Samuel Chase]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hinds|first=Asher C.|title=Hinds' Precedents of the House of Representatives of the United States: Including References to Provisions of the Constitution, the Laws, and Decisions of the United States Senate. Volume III|location=Washington, D.C.|publisher=Government Printing Office|date=1907|oclc=2176404|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma5CAQAAMAAJ|pages=718–719}}</ref>
*[[1808]] &ndash; [[Peninsular War|Napoleonic Wars]]: Under the orders by commander [[Tomás de Morla]], the city of [[Capitulation of Madrid (1808)|Madrid surrenders]] to French Emperor [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Napoleon I]] after a 4 day long siege.<ref name="Napoleonic Timeline 1808">{{cite web |title=Napoleonic Timeline 1808 |url=https://www.napoleon-empire.org/en/chronology/chronology-1808.php |website=Napoleon Empire.org}}</ref>
*[[1829]] &ndash; In the face of fierce local opposition, British [[Governor-General of India|Governor-General]] [[Lord William Bentinck]] issues a regulation declaring that anyone who abets [[Sati (practise)|sati]] in [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]] is guilty of [[culpable homicide]].
*[[1861]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: The 109 [[Electoral College (Confederate States)|electors]] of the several states of the [[Confederate States of America]] unanimously [[1861 Confederate States presidential election|elect]] [[Jefferson Davis]] as [[President of the Confederate States of America|President]] and [[Alexander H. Stephens]] as [[Vice President of the Confederate States of America|Vice President]].
*[[1863]] &ndash; American Civil War: Confederate General [[James Longstreet]] lifts his unsuccessful [[Siege of Knoxville|siege]] of [[Knoxville, Tennessee]] after failing to capture the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Battle of Knoxville|url=https://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entries/battle-of-knoxville/|author=Groce, W. Todd|website=TennesseeEncyclopedia.net|publisher=Tennessee Historical Society|date=October 8, 2017|access-date=November 30, 2024}}</ref>
*[[1864]] &ndash; American Civil War: [[Sherman's March to the Sea]]: [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] cavalry forces defeat Confederate cavalry in the [[Battle of Waynesboro, Georgia]], opening the way for General [[William Tecumseh Sherman|William T. Sherman]]'s army to approach the coast.
*[[1865]] &ndash; [[North Carolina]] ratifies [[13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution]], followed two days later by [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and [[Slavery in the United States|U.S. slaves]] were legally free within two weeks.
*[[1867]] &ndash; Former [[Minnesota]] farmer [[Oliver Hudson Kelley]] founds the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry (better known today as [[National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry|the Grange]]).
*[[1872]] &ndash; The American brigantine {{ship||Mary Celeste}} is discovered drifting in the Atlantic. Her crew is never found.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Humphreys |first=Julian |title=Milestones |editor-last=Attar |editor-first=Rob |magazine=BBC History magazine |date=December 2012 |publisher=BBC |location=Northampton |pages=10–11}}</ref>
*[[1875]] &ndash; Notorious New York City politician [[Boss Tweed]] escapes from prison; he is later recaptured in Spain.
*[[1881]] &ndash; The first edition of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' is published.
*[[1893]] &ndash; [[First Matabele War]]: A patrol of 34 [[British South Africa Company]] soldiers is [[Shangani Patrol|ambushed and annihilated]] by more than 3,000 [[Northern Ndebele people|Matabele]] warriors on the [[Shangani River]] in [[Matabeleland]].

===1901–present===
*[[1906]] &ndash; [[Alpha Phi Alpha]] the first intercollegiate Greek lettered fraternity for African-Americans was founded at [[Cornell University]] in [[Ithaca, New York]].
*[[1909]] &ndash; In [[Canadian football]], the [[1st Grey Cup|First Grey Cup]] game is played. The [[University of Toronto]] [[Toronto Varsity Blues|Varsity Blues]] defeat the [[Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club]], 26–6.
*  1909   &ndash; The [[Montreal Canadiens]] [[ice hockey]] club, the oldest surviving professional hockey franchise in the world, is founded as a charter member of the [[National Hockey Association]].
*[[1917]] &ndash; The [[Senate of Finland|Finnish Senate]] submits to the Parliament of Finland a proposal for the form of government of the [[Republic of Finland]] and issued a communication to Parliament declaring the [[independence of Finland]].<ref>{{Cite book | title= Toiset valtiopäivät 1917, Pöytäkirjat, osa I | pages= 310–311 | chapter= Tiistaina 4. p. joulukuuta – Hallituksen puheenjohtajan lausunto Suomen valtiollisen itsenäisyyden toteuttamisesta | publisher= Valtioneuvoston kirjapaino | year= 1918 | language=fi}}</ref>
*[[1918]] &ndash; U.S. President [[Woodrow Wilson]] sails for the World War I peace talks in [[Palace of Versailles|Versailles]], becoming the first [[President of the United States|US president]] to travel to Europe while in office.
*[[1919]] &ndash; [[Ukrainian War of Independence]]: The [[Polonsky conspiracy]] is initiated, with an attempt to assassinate the high command of the [[Revolutionary Insurgent Army of Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Azarov|first=Vyacheslav|year=2008|title=Kontrrazvedka - The Story of the Makhnovist Intelligence Service|translator-first=Malcolm|translator-last=Archibald|location=[[Edmonton]]|publisher=Black Cat Press|isbn=978-0-9737827-2-1|oclc=233786926|pages=37–38}}</ref>
*[[1928]] &ndash; [[Cosmo Gordon Lang]] was enthroned as the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], the first bachelor to be appointed in 150 years.<ref name= Time1928>{{cite magazine|title= Religion:York to Canterbury|magazine=Time|publisher=Time Inc.|location= New York|date= 6 August 1928|url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,787459,00.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101121035432/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,787459,00.html|url-status= dead|archive-date= 21 November 2010}} {{subscription required}}</ref> 
*[[1939]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: {{HMS|Nelson|28|6}} is struck by a [[naval mine|mine]] (laid by {{GS|U-31|1936|2}}) off the Scottish coast and is laid up for repairs until August 1940.
*[[1942]] &ndash; World War II: [[Carlson's patrol]] during the [[Guadalcanal Campaign]] ends.
*[[1943]] &ndash; World War II: In [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]], resistance leader Marshal [[Josip Broz Tito]] proclaims a [[Democratic Federal Yugoslavia|provisional democratic Yugoslav government in-exile]].
*  1943   &ndash; World War II: U.S. President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] closes down the [[Works Progress Administration]], because of the high levels of wartime employment in the United States.
*[[1945]] &ndash; By a vote of 65–7, the [[United States Senate]] approves United States [[United States and the United Nations|participation]] in the [[United Nations]]. (The UN had been established on October 24, 1945.)
*[[1948]] &ndash; [[Chinese Civil War]]: The [[SS Kiangya|SS ''Kiangya'']], carrying [[Nationalist government|Nationalist]] refugees from [[Shanghai]], explodes in the [[Huangpu River]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=7 of the World's Deadliest Shipwrecks {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/list/7-of-the-worlds-deadliest-shipwrecks|access-date=2022-01-13|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref>
*[[1949]] &ndash; [[Sir Duncan George Stewart]], governor of the [[Crown Colony of Sarawak]], was fatally stabbed by a member of the [[Rukun 13]].
*[[1950]] &ndash; [[Korean War]]: [[Jesse L. Brown]] (the 1st African-American Naval aviator) is killed in action during the [[Battle of Chosin Reservoir]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Squadron History|url=https://www.airlant.usff.navy.mil/Organization/COMSTRKFIGHTWINGLANT/Strike-Fighter-Squadron-VFA-32/Squadron-History/|access-date=2022-12-04|website=www.airlant.usff.navy.mil|archive-date=2022-12-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204111019/https://www.airlant.usff.navy.mil/Organization/COMSTRKFIGHTWINGLANT/Strike-Fighter-Squadron-VFA-32/Squadron-History/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*1950 &ndash; Korean War: [[Associated Press]] photographer [[Max Desfor]] photographs hundreds of Korean refugees crossing a downed bridge in the [[Taedong River]]: [[1951 Pulitzer Prize]] winner ''[[Flight of Refugees Across Wrecked Bridge in Korea]]''.<ref name="Pulitzer">{{Cite web |date=1951 |title=Max Desfor of Associated Press |url=https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/max-desfor |access-date=2020-11-25 |website=pulitzer.org |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1956]] &ndash; The [[Million Dollar Quartet]] ([[Elvis Presley]], [[Jerry Lee Lewis]], [[Carl Perkins]], and [[Johnny Cash]]) get together at [[Sun Studio]] for the first and last time.
*[[1964]] &ndash; [[Free Speech Movement]]: Police arrest over 800 students at the [[University of California, Berkeley]], following their takeover and sit-in at the administration building in protest of the [[Regents of the University of California|UC Regents]]' decision to forbid protests on UC property.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/jofreeman/sixtiesprotest/berkeley.htm|title=Sixties Protest|work=uic.edu}}</ref>
*[[1965]] &ndash; Launch of [[Gemini 7]] with crew members [[Frank Borman]] and [[Jim Lovell]]. The Gemini 7 spacecraft was the passive target for the first crewed [[space rendezvous]] performed by the crew of [[Gemini 6A]].
*[[1969]] &ndash; [[Black Panther Party]] members [[Fred Hampton]] and [[Mark Clark (Black Panther)|Mark Clark]] are shot and killed during a raid by 14 Chicago police officers.
*  1971   &ndash; The [[PNS Ghazi|PNS ''Ghazi'']], a [[Pakistan Navy]] submarine, sinks during the course of the [[Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971]].
*  1971   &ndash; During a concert by [[Frank Zappa]] and [[The Mothers of Invention]] at the [[Montreux Casino]], an audience member fires a [[flare gun]] into the ceiling, causing a fire that destroys the venue. The incident served as the inspiration for [[Deep Purple]]'s 1973 song [[Smoke on the Water]].
*[[1974]] &ndash; [[Martinair Flight 138]] crashes into the [[Saptha Kanya]] mountain range in [[Maskeliya]], Sri Lanka, killing 191.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-8-55F PH-MBH Maskeliya |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19741204-2 |access-date=2022-12-03 |website=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
*[[1977]] &ndash; [[Jean-Bédel Bokassa]], president of the [[Central African Republic]], crowns himself Emperor Bokassa I of the [[Central African Empire]].
*  1977   &ndash; [[Malaysian Airline System Flight 653]] is hijacked and crashes in Tanjong Kupang, [[Johor]], killing 100.
*[[1978]] &ndash; Following the [[Moscone–Milk assassinations|murder of Mayor George Moscone]], [[Dianne Feinstein]] becomes [[San Francisco]]'s first female [[Mayor of San Francisco|mayor]].
*[[1979]] &ndash; The Hastie fire in [[Kingston upon Hull|Hull]] kills three schoolboys and eventually leads police to arrest [[Bruce George Peter Lee]].
*[[1981]] &ndash; South Africa grants independence to the [[Ciskei]] "[[Bantustan|homeland]]" (not recognized by any government outside South Africa).
*[[1982]] &ndash; The [[China|People's Republic of China]] adopts its current [[constitution of the People's Republic of China|constitution]].
*[[1983]] &ndash; [[United States Navy|US Navy]] aircraft from [[USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67)|USS ''John F. Kennedy'']] and [[USS Independence (CV-62)|USS ''Independence'']] attack Syrian missile sites in Lebanon in response to an [[Grumman F-14 Tomcat|F-14]] being fired on by an [[9K32 Strela-2|SA-7]]. One [[A-6 Intruder]] and [[LTV A-7 Corsair II|A-7 Corsair]] are shot down. One American pilot is killed, one is rescued, and [[Bobby Goodman|one is captured.]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/06/world/83-strike-on-lebanon-hard-lessons-for-us.html|title='83 Strike on Lebanon: Hard Lessons for U.S.|last1=Trainor|first1=Bernard E.|date=1989-08-06|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-12-03|last2=Times|first2=Special To the New York|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
*[[1984]] &ndash; [[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lankan Civil War]]: [[Sri Lankan Army]] soldiers [[1984 Mannar massacre|kill]] 107–150 civilians in [[Mannar, Sri Lanka|Mannar]].
*[[1986]] &ndash; The MV ''Amazon Venture'' oil tanker begins leaking oil while at the [[port of Savannah]] in the United States, resulting in [[Amazon Venture oil spill|an oil spill]] of approximately {{convert|500,000|gal|L}}.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stringfield|first=Whitney J.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tUNtGe2mPR4C|title=National Water Summary 1987—Hydrologic Events and Water Supply and Use|publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office]]|others=[[United States Geological Survey]]|year=1990|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=51–54|language=en|chapter=Major Oil Spill on the Savannah River, Georgia and South Carolina, December 1986|journal=National Water Summary: Hydrologic Events, Selected Water Quality Trends and Ground Water Resources|issn=0892-3469}}</ref>
*[[1991]] &ndash; [[Terry A. Anderson]] is released after seven years in captivity as a hostage in [[Beirut]]; he is the last and longest-held American hostage in [[Lebanon]].
*  1991   &ndash; [[Pan American World Airways]] ceases its operations after 64 years.
*[[1992]] &ndash; [[Somali Civil War]]: President [[George H. W. Bush]] orders 28,000 U.S. troops to [[Somalia]] in [[Horn of Africa|Northeast Africa]].
*[[1998]] &ndash; The ''[[Unity Module]]'', the second module of the [[International Space Station]], is launched.
*[[2005]] &ndash; Tens of thousands of people in Hong Kong [[December 2005 protest for democracy in Hong Kong|protest for democracy]] and call on the [[Hong Kong Government|government]] to allow [[universal suffrage|universal and equal suffrage]].
*[[2006]] &ndash; [[Jena Six|Six black youths]] assault a white teenager in [[Jena, Louisiana]].
*[[2014]] &ndash; [[Caucasus Emirate|Islamic insurgents]] [[2014 Grozny clashes|kill]] three [[Law enforcement in Russia|state police]] at a traffic circle before taking an empty school and a "press house" in [[Grozny]]. Ten state forces die with 28 injured in gun battles ending with ten insurgents killed.
*[[2015]] &ndash; A [[2015 Cairo restaurant fire|firebomb]] is thrown into a restaurant in the Egyptian capital of [[Cairo]], killing 17 people.
*[[2017]] &ndash; The [[Thomas Fire]] starts near [[Santa Paula, California|Santa Paula]] in [[California]]. It eventually became the largest [[List of California wildfires|wildfire in modern California history]] to date after burning {{convert|440|sqmi|km2|0}} in [[Ventura County, California|Ventura]] and [[Santa Barbara County, California|Santa Barbara]] Counties.
*[[2021]] &ndash; [[Semeru]] on the Indonesian island of Java [[2021 Semeru eruption|erupts]], killing at least 68 people.<ref>{{cite news |author=Miftahul Huda |editor=Andi Hartik |title=Korban Erupsi Gunung Semeru Kembali Ditemukan, Berawal dari Penambang Temukan Potongan Tulang |url=https://surabaya.kompas.com/read/2022/08/04/211330678/korban-erupsi-gunung-semeru-kembali-ditemukan-berawal-dari-penambang |access-date=21 October 2022 |agency=Kompas.com |date=4 August 2022 |language=id |archive-date=4 August 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220804142528/https://surabaya.kompas.com/read/2022/08/04/211330678/korban-erupsi-gunung-semeru-kembali-ditemukan-berawal-dari-penambang |url-status=live }}</ref>