Editing Decision cycle (section)

==Examples of decision cycles==

* In [[quality control]], [[PDCA]] (Plan–Do–Check–Act) is used.<ref>{{cite book |last=Shores |first=A. Richard |date=1988 |title=Survival of the fittest: total quality control and management evolution |location=Milwaukee, WI |publisher=[[ASQC]] Quality Press |isbn=087389040X |oclc=18845934 |page=59}}</ref>
* In [[science]], the [[scientific method]] (Observation–Hypothesis–Experiment–Evaluation) can also be seen as a decision cycle.<ref>{{cite book |last=Darian |first=Steven G. |date=2003 |chapter=The language of experiments |title=Understanding the language of science |location=Austin |publisher=[[University of Texas Press]] |isbn=0292716176 |oclc=51210597 |page=[https://archive.org/details/understandinglan0000dari/page/n165 148]}}</ref><ref name="Dubberly"/>
* In the [[United States Armed Forces]], a theory of an [[OODA loop]] (Observe–Orient–Decide–Act) has been advocated by Colonel [[John Boyd (military strategist)|John Boyd]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Osinga |first=Frans P. B. |date=2007 |orig-year=2005 |chapter=Completing the loop |title=Science, strategy and war: the strategic theory of John Boyd |series=Strategy and history |volume=18 |location=London; New York |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0415371032 |oclc=67773991 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=3DtoVuj_Sn4C&pg=PA234 234]}}</ref>
* In the [[lean startup]] methodology, the [[Lean startup#Build-Measure-Learn|Build-Measure-Learn]] loop is used to guide product development.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ries |first=Eric |author-link=Eric Ries |date=2011 |title=The lean startup: how today's entrepreneurs use continuous innovation to create radically successful businesses |location=New York |publisher=[[Crown Business]] |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tvfyz-4JILwC&pg=PA76 76] |isbn=9780307887894 |oclc=693809631}}</ref>
* In [[management]], [[Herbert A. Simon]] proposed a decision cycle of three steps (Intelligence–Design–Choice).<ref>{{cite book |last=Simon |first=Herbert A. |author-link=Herbert A. Simon |date=1977 |orig-year=1960 |title=The new science of management decision |edition=Revised |location=Englewood Cliffs, NJ |publisher=[[Prentice-Hall]] |isbn=0136161448 |oclc=2464596 |url=https://archive.org/details/newscienceofmana0000simo }}</ref> Much later, other scholars expanded his framework to five steps (Intelligence–Design–Choice–Implementation–Learning).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mora |first1=Manuel |last2=Forgionne |first2=Guisseppi |last3=Cervantes |first3=Francisco |last4=Garrido |first4=Leonardo |last5=Gupta |first5=Jatinder N. D. |last6=Gelman |first6=Ovsei |date=January 2005 |title=Toward a comprehensive framework for the design and evaluation of intelligent decision-making support systems (i-DMSS) |journal=Journal of Decision Systems |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=321–344 |doi=10.3166/jds.14.321-344|s2cid=5171106 }}</ref>
* In [[design thinking]], the [[design process]] is often conceived as a decision cycle (or '''design cycle'''), such as Robert McKim's ETC (Express–Test–Cycle).<ref>{{cite book |last=McKim |first=Robert H. |date=1980 |orig-year=1972 |title=Experiences in visual thinking |edition=2nd |location=Monterey, CA |publisher=[[Brooks/Cole]] |isbn=0818504110 |oclc=5946609 |url=https://archive.org/details/experiencesinvis0000mcki }}</ref><ref name="Dubberly">{{cite web |last1=Dubberly |first1=Hugh |last2=Evenson |first2=Shelley |last3=Chung |first3=Jack |last4=Bahr |first4=Robin |last5=Pangaro |first5=Paul |date=20 March 2009 |title=A model of the creative process |url=http://www.dubberly.com/concept-maps/creative-process.html |access-date=14 March 2015}}</ref>
* In the [[Getting Things Done]] [[time management]] method, workflow consists of a cycle of five stages (Collect–Process–Organize–Do–Review).<ref>{{cite book |last=Allen |first=David |author-link=David Allen (author) |date=2001 |chapter=Getting control of your life: the five stages of mastering workflow |title=Getting things done: the art of stress-free productivity |location=New York |publisher=[[Viking Press]] |isbn=0670889067 |oclc=44868871 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=iykLVJAK49kC&pg=PA24 24]}}</ref>
* In the [[nursing process]], the ADPIE (Assessment–Diagnosis–Planning–Implementation–Evaluation) process is used.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alfaro-LeFevre |first=Rosalinda |date=2014 |orig-year=1986 |title=Applying nursing process: the foundation for clinical reasoning |edition=8th |location=Philadelphia |publisher=[[Wolters Kluwer Health]]/[[Lippincott Williams & Wilkins]] |isbn=9781609136970 |oclc=793572204 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dlqbmpuhPEcC}} See also: {{cite book |last1=Ackley |first1=Betty J. |last2=Ladwig |first2=Gail B. |date=2014 |orig-year=1993 |title=Nursing diagnosis handbook: an evidence-based guide to planning care |edition=10th |location=Maryland Heights, Missouri |publisher=Mosby [[Elsevier]] |isbn=9780323085496 |oclc=779260503 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=tmaFxuFBsDoC&pg=PA10 10]}}</ref> Alternatively, the ASPIRE (Assessment–Systematic Nursing Diagnosis–Planning–Implementation–Recheck–Evaluation) model includes an additional stage—Recheck—in between Implementation and Evaluation.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barrett |first1=David |last2=Wilson |first2=Benita |last3=Woollands |first3=Andrea |date=2012 |orig-year=2009 |title=Care planning: a guide for nurses |edition=2nd |location=Harlow, England |publisher=[[Pearson Education]] |isbn=9780273746119 |oclc=766301888 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=7Y99AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA21 21]}}</ref>
* In [[psychotherapy]], the [[transtheoretical model]] posits five stages of intentional change (Precontemplation–Contemplation–Preparation–Action–Maintenance). These stages were initially conceived as linear, but [[John C. Norcross]] said that for many people the stages are more appropriately viewed as a cycle (Psych–Prep–Perspire–Persist–Relapse).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Norcross |first1=John C. |author-link1=John C. Norcross |last2=Loberg |first2=Kristin |last3=Norcross |first3=Jonathon |date=2012 |title=Changeology: 5 steps to realizing your goals and resolutions |location=New York |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |isbn=9781451657616 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=s1tGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA196 196]}}</ref>
* In [[USAID]], the use of a program cycle, "codified in the Automated Directive Systems (ADS) 201, is USAID's operational model for planning, delivering, assessing, and adapting development programming in a given region or country to achieve more effective and sustainable results in order to advance U.S. foreign policy".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://usaidlearninglab.org/learning-at-usaid/program-cycle-overview-page |title=USAID: Program Cycle Overview |website=usaidlearninglab.org |access-date=2022-09-28}}</ref> Relatedly, within the agency there exists resources regarding adaptive management decision cycles.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://usaidlearninglab.org/resources/knowing-when-adapt-decision-tree |title=Knowing When to Adapt – A Decision Tree |website=usaidlearninglab.org |access-date=2022-09-28}}</ref>