Editing Deep Blue (chess computer) (section)

== History ==
While a doctoral student at [[Carnegie Mellon University]], [[Feng-hsiung Hsu]] began development of a chess-playing [[supercomputer]] under the name [[ChipTest]]. The machine won the [[North American Computer Chess Championship]] in 1987 and Hsu and his team followed up with a successor, [[Deep Thought (chess computer)|Deep Thought]], in 1988.<ref>{{Harvnb|Newborn|2002|pages=11–20}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> After receiving his doctorate in 1989, Hsu and [[Murray Campbell]] joined [[IBM Research]] to continue their project to build a machine that could defeat a world chess champion.<ref name="Hsu-IBMHiring">{{Harvnb|Hsu|2002|pages=92–95}}</ref> Their colleague [[Thomas Anantharaman]] briefly joined them at IBM before leaving for the finance industry and being replaced by programmer Arthur Joseph Hoane.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hsu|2002|page=107}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Hsu|2002|page=132}}</ref> Jerry Brody, a long-time employee of IBM Research, subsequently joined the team in 1990.<ref>{{Cite web |last=IBM |title=Deep Blue – Overview |url=http://www.research.ibm.com/deepblue/meet/html/d.4.2.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081212221319/http://www.research.ibm.com/deepblue/meet/html/d.4.2.html |archive-date=12 December 2008 |access-date=19 August 2008 |publisher=IBM Research}}</ref>

After Deep Thought's two-game 1989 loss to Kasparov, IBM held a contest to rename the chess machine: the winning name was "Deep Blue", submitted by [[Peter Fitzhugh Brown]],<ref name="Hsu-DeepBlueName">{{Harvnb|Hsu|2002|pages=126–127}}</ref> was a play on IBM's nickname, "Big Blue".{{efn|IBM renamed "Deep Thought" because the name resembled the title of the hit pornographic film [[Deep Throat (film)|''Deep Throat'']].<ref>{{Harvnb|Zuckerman|2019|page=178}}</ref>}} After a scaled-down version of Deep Blue played Grandmaster [[Joel Benjamin]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Joel Benjamin playing a practice game with Deep Blue |url=https://www.computerhistory.org/chess/stl-431614f67f976/ |access-date=17 February 2020 |publisher=Computer History Museum |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217172921/https://www.computerhistory.org/chess/stl-431614f67f976/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Hsu and Campbell decided that Benjamin was the expert they were looking for to help develop Deep Blue's [[Chess opening book (computers)|opening book]], so hired him to assist with the preparations for Deep Blue's matches against Garry Kasparov.<ref>{{Harvnb|Hsu|2002|pages=160–161, 174, 177, 193}}</ref> In 1995, a Deep Blue prototype played in the eighth [[World Computer Chess Championship]], playing [[Power Chess|Wchess]] to a draw before ultimately losing to [[Fritz (chess)|Fritz]] in round five, despite playing as [[White and Black in chess|White]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=8th World Computer Chess Championship |url=http://www.grappa.univ-lille3.fr/icga/tournament.php?id=29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007035001/http://www.grappa.univ-lille3.fr/icga/tournament.php?id=29 |archive-date=7 October 2008 |access-date=4 June 2020 |website=ICGA Tournaments}}</ref>

Today, one of the two racks that made up Deep Blue is held by the [[National Museum of American History]], having previously been displayed in an exhibit about the [[Information Age]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deep Blue Supercomputer Tower |url=http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1005331 |access-date=1 February 2019 |website=National Museum of American History |language=en |archive-date=2 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202044640/http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1005331 |url-status=live }}</ref> while the other rack was acquired by the [[Computer History Museum]] in 1997, and is displayed in the Revolution exhibit's "Artificial Intelligence and Robotics" gallery.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Deep Blue II |url=https://www.computerhistory.org/chess/art-43305f13ef377/ |access-date=8 June 2020 |website=Computer History Museum |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004174218/https://www.computerhistory.org/chess/art-43305f13ef377/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Several books were written about Deep Blue, among them ''Behind Deep Blue: Building the Computer that Defeated the World Chess Champion'' by Deep Blue developer Feng-hsiung Hsu.<ref>{{Harv|Hsu|2004}}</ref>