Editing Deiotarus (section)

==Biography==
Deiotarus was a faithful ally of the [[ancient Rome|Romans]] and became involved in the struggles between the Roman generals that led to the fall of the Republic from 44 BC. He changed sides and supported the triumvirs, keeping his kingdom until his death.{{cn|date=February 2022}}

He is first heard of at the beginning of the [[Third Mithridatic War]], when he drove the troops of [[Mithridates VI of Pontus]] under Eumachus from [[Phrygia]], and he was a witness when Mithridates VI saw his invasion of Phrygia stopped by the Romans, both in 75 BC or 74 BC. His most influential friend was [[Pompey]]. When settling the affairs of Asia after Mithridates VI failed in his invasion of Phrygia sometime between 60 BC and 65 BC, Pompey rewarded Deiotarus for his assistance against him with the title of King. Deiotarus increased his territory to include part of eastern [[Pontus (region)|Pontus]], and the Roman Senate granted him [[Lesser Armenia]] and most of [[Galatia]]. On the outbreak of the [[Caesar's Civil War|civil war]] in 49 BC, Deiotarus naturally sided with his old patron and ally Pompey and the [[Optimates]] in their fight against Julius Caesar, who was defying the Senate. When Pompey was defeated at the [[Battle of Pharsalus]] in 48 BC, he escaped back to Asia-Minor. After Pharsalus Deiotarus faced execution, but was saved by switching sides and later by the advocacy of Cicero.{{cn|date=February 2022}}
During this time, [[Pharnaces II of Pontus|Pharnaces]], the son of Mithridates, had seized Lesser Armenia, and defeated Deiotarus' [[Legio XXII Deiotariana#Origin of the legion|Galatian legions]] which were part of [[Domitius Calvinus]]' army in the [[Battle of Nicopolis (48 BC)|Battle of Nicopolis]]. Fortunately for Deiotarus, [[Julius Caesar]] at that time (47 BC) arrived in Asia from Egypt, and was met by the tetrarch in the dress of a suppliant. Caesar pardoned him for having sided with Pompey, ordered him to resume his royal attire, and hastened against Pharnaces, whom he defeated at [[Battle of Zela|Zela]].<ref name="EB1911"/>

In consequence of the complaints of certain Galatian princes, Deiotarus was deprived of part of his dominions in 47 BC, but was pardoned by Caesar and allowed to retain the title of King. On the death of [[Mithridates I of the Bosporus|Mithridates of Pergamum]], Tetrarch of the [[Trocmi]], Deiotarus was a candidate for the vacancy. Other tetrarchs also pressed their claims; and, further, Deiotarus was accused at Rome in 45 BC by his grandson Castor of having attempted to assassinate Caesar when the latter, then Dictator, was his guest in Galatia. [[Cicero]], who entertained a high opinion of Deiotarus, whose acquaintance he had made when governor of [[Cilicia]], undertook his defence, the case being heard in Caesar's own house at Rome.<ref name="EB1911"/> Cicero to Gaius Caesar: "... for it was king Deiotarus who raised your family, when abject and obscure, from darkness into light. Who ever heard of your father, or who he was, before they heard whose son-in-law he was?"<ref>"Speech in Behalf of King Deiotarus", by Marcus Tullius Cicero, translated by Charles Duke Yonge, A.B.</ref> The matter was allowed to drop for a time, and the assassination of Caesar prevented any final decision of the verdict being pronounced. In his speech Cicero briefly dismisses the charge of assassination, the main question being the distribution of the provinces, which was the real cause of the quarrels between Deiotarus and his relatives.<ref name="EB1911"/>

After Caesar's death, [[Mark Antony]], for a large monetary consideration, publicly announced that, in accordance with instructions left by Caesar, Deiotarus was to resume possession of all the territory of which he had been deprived. When civil war again broke out, Deiotarus was persuaded to support the anti-Caesarian party of Brutus and Cassius, but after the [[Battle of Philippi]] in 42 BC, went over to the triumvirs. He remained in possession of his kingdom until his death at a very advanced age.<ref name="EB1911"/>

Deiotarus was the patron to whom the Greek agricultural manual by [[Diophanes of Nicaea]] was dedicated.{{cn|date=February 2022}}

He was married to Berenice, Princess of Pergamon, daughter of [[Attalus III| Attalus III Philomater Euergetes]], King of [[Pergamon]], and his wife of the Attalid dynasty. They were the parents of [[Adobogiona]], who married [[Brogitarus]], King of Galatia, who reigned concurrently with his father-in-law.<ref>Cicero. ''De harusp. resp.'' 13.</ref> Adobogiona and Brogitarus were the parents of [[Amyntas of Galatia|Amyntas]], Tetrarch of the Trocmi and King of Galatia.