Editing Delft (section)

==History==
{{see also|Timeline of Delft}}

===Early history===
[[File:Cornelis Springer, The Gemeenlandshuis and the Old Church, Delft, Summer (1877).jpg|thumb|upright|right|The Gemeenlandshuis and the Old Church, Delft, Summer by [[Cornelis Springer]], 1877]]
[[File:Antique map of Delft, Netherlands by Blaeu J. 1649.jpg|thumb|upright|right|A map of Delft in 1649, by [[Joan Blaeu]]]]

The city of Delft came into being beside a canal, the 'Delf', which comes from the word ''delven'', meaning to delve or dig, and this led to the name Delft. At the elevated place where this 'Delf' crossed the creek wall of the silted up river Gantel, a Count established his [[Manor house|manor]], probably around 1075. Partly because of this, Delft became an important market town, the evidence for which can be seen in the size of its central market square.

Having been a rural village in the early Middle Ages, Delft developed into a city, and on 15 April 1246, [[William II of Holland|Count Willem II]] granted Delft its [[City rights in the Netherlands|city charter]]. Trade and industry flourished. In 1389 the Delfshavensche Schie canal was dug through to the river [[Nieuwe Maas|Maas]], where the port of [[Delfshaven]] was built, connecting Delft to the sea.

Until the 17th century, Delft was one of the major cities of the then county (and later province) of [[County of Holland|Holland]]. In 1400, for example, the city had 6,500 inhabitants, making it the third largest city after [[Dordrecht]] (8,000) and [[Haarlem]] (7,000). In 1560, Amsterdam, with 28,000 inhabitants, had become the largest city, followed by Delft, Leiden and Haarlem, which each had around 14,000 inhabitants.

In 1536, a large part of the city was destroyed by the great fire of Delft.

The town's association with the [[House of Orange]] started when [[William the Silent|William of Orange]] (Willem van Oranje), nicknamed [[William the Silent]] (Willem de Zwijger), took up residence in 1572 in the former Saint-Agatha convent (subsequently called the Prinsenhof). At the time he was the leader of growing national Dutch resistance against Spanish occupation, known as the [[Eighty Years' War]]. By then Delft was one of the leading cities of [[County of Holland|Holland]] and was equipped with the necessary [[city wall]]s to serve as a headquarters. In October 1573, an attack by Spanish forces was repelled in the [[Battle of Delft (1573)|Battle of Delft]].

After the [[Act of Abjuration]] was proclaimed in 1581, Delft became the ''[[de facto]]'' [[Capital city|capital]] of the newly independent Netherlands, as the seat of the [[Prince of Orange]].

When William was shot dead on 10 July 1584 by [[Balthazar Gerards]] in the hall of the Prinsenhof (now the [[Museum Het Prinsenhof|Prinsenhof Museum]]), the family's traditional burial place in [[Breda (Netherlands)|Breda]] was still in the hands of the Spanish. Therefore, he was buried in the Delft [[Nieuwe Kerk, Delft|Nieuwe Kerk]] (New Church), starting a tradition for the House of Orange that has continued to the present day.

Around this time, Delft also occupied a prominent position in the field of printing.

A number of Italian glazed earthenware makers settled in the city and introduced a new style. The tapestry industry also flourished when famous manufacturer François Spierincx moved to the city. In the 17th century, Delft experienced a new heyday, thanks to the presence of an office of the [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC) (opened in 1602) and the manufacture of [[Delftware|Delft Blue china]].

A number of notable artists based themselves in the city, including [[Leonard Bramer]], [[Carel Fabritius]], [[Pieter de Hoogh]], [[Gerard Houckgeest]], [[Emanuel de Witte]], [[Jan Steen]], and [[Johannes Vermeer]].
[[Reinier de Graaf]] and [[Antonie van Leeuwenhoek]] received international attention for their scientific research.

===Explosion===
[[File:Delftsedonderslag.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Egbert van der Poel]]: ''A View of Delft after the Explosion of 1654'']]
[[File:Kruithuis.jpg|thumb|The "new" gunpowder store "Kruithuis", built in 1660 on the water of the [[Delftse Schie]] for public safety, today in use as a clubhouse]]
{{see also|:nl:Delftse donderslag|:de:Delfter Donnerschlag}}
The Delft Explosion, also known in history as the Delft Thunderclap, occurred on 12 October 1654<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.radionetherlandsarchives.org/the-day-the-world-came-to-an-end-the-great-delft-thunderclap-of-1654/ |title=The Day the World Came to an End: the Great Delft Thunderclap of 1654 |date=14 October 2004 |publisher=Radio Netherlands }}</ref> when a [[gunpowder]] store exploded, destroying much of the city. More than a hundred were killed and thousands were injured.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cumming |first=Laura |year=2023 |title= Thunderclap: A Memoir of Art and Life and Sudden Death |location=New York |publisher=Scribner  |isbn=978-1-9821-8174-1 }}</ref>

About {{cvt|30|t|1|lk=on}} of gunpowder were stored in [[Barrel (storage)|barrels]] in a [[Magazine (artillery)|magazine]] in a former [[Order of Poor Ladies|Clarist]] [[convent]] in the Doelenkwartier district, where the Paardenmarkt is now located. Cornelis Soetens, the keeper of the magazine, opened the store to check a sample of the powder and a huge explosion followed. Fortunately, many citizens were away, visiting a market in [[Schiedam]] or a fair in [[The Hague]].

Today, the explosion is primarily remembered for killing [[Rembrandt]]'s most promising pupil, [[Carel Fabritius]], and destroying nearly all his works.

Delft artist [[Egbert van der Poel]] painted several pictures of Delft showing the devastation.

The gunpowder store (Dutch: Kruithuis) was subsequently re-housed, a 'cannonball's distance away', outside the city, in a new building designed by architect [[Pieter Post]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Historie: Het Kruithuis |language=nl |publisher=Scoutcentrum Delft |url=https://www.scoutcentrumdelft.nl/historie }}</ref>