Editing Deloitte (section)

==History==
===Early history===
In 1845, [[William Welch Deloitte]] opened an office in [[Basinghall Street]] in London, England.<ref name=parker>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MFFJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA140 |title=Papers on Accounting History|first=R. H.|last=Parker|publisher=Garland Publishing|year=1984|page=140|isbn=9781317964018|access-date=31 October 2021}}</ref> Deloitte was the first person to be appointed an independent auditor of a public company, namely the [[Great Western Railway]].<ref name="history">{{cite web| url=https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/about-deloitte.html| title=About Deloitte| work=Deloitte| access-date=2 October 2014}}</ref> He went on to open an office in New York in 1880.<ref name="history" /> The firm was based at No. 4 [[Lothbury]] in London from 1855 to 1905,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://files.taylorandfrancis.com/rabr-map.pdf|title=Accounting Historian's Map of London|publisher=Taylor and Francis|access-date=17 April 2025}}</ref> when it moved to No. 54 London Wall Buildings.<ref name=densem>{{cite news|url=https://egrove.olemiss.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1506&context=dl_hs|title=An office profile in two parts: London|first=W. Guy|last=Densem|publisher=Haskins & Sells Publications|year=1966|access-date=17 April 2025}}</ref>

In 1890, Deloitte opened a branch office on [[Wall Street]] headed by Edward Adams and P.D. Griffiths as branch managers. This was Deloitte's first overseas venture. Other branches were soon opened in [[Chicago]] and [[Buenos Aires]]. In 1898 P.D. Griffiths returned from New York and became a partner in the London office.<ref name="Book1">{{cite book|title=Deloitte & Co.|date=1959|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref>

In 1896, [[Charles Waldo Haskins]] and [[Elijah Watt Sells]] formed Haskins & Sells in New York.<ref name="history" /> It was later described as "the first major auditing firm to be established in the country by American rather than British accountants".<ref>[http://fisher.osu.edu/departments/accounting-and-mis/the-accounting-hall-of-fame/membership-in-hall/elijah-watt-sells Elijah Watt Sells] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704125102/http://fisher.osu.edu/departments/accounting-and-mis/the-accounting-hall-of-fame/membership-in-hall/elijah-watt-sells |date=4 July 2016 }}, "The Accounting Hall of Fame", [[Fisher College of Business]]. Retrieved 7 August 2013.</ref>

In 1898, [[George Touche]] established an office in London and then, in 1900, joined John Ballantine Niven in establishing the firm of Touche Niven in the Johnston Building at 30 [[Broad Street (Manhattan)|Broad Street]] in New York.<ref name="history" />

On 1 March 1933, Colonel Arthur Hazelton Carter, President of the New York State Society of Certified Public Accountants and managing partner of Haskins & Sells, testified before the [[U.S. Senate Committee on Banking and Currency]]. Carter helped convince [[United States Congress|Congress]] that independent audits should be mandatory for [[Public company|public companies]].<ref name="history" />

[[File:William welch deloitte small.jpg|thumb|upright|William Welch Deloitte, founder of Deloitte]]

In 1947, [[Detroit]] accountant George Bailey, then president of the [[American Institute of Certified Public Accountants]], launched his own organization. The new entity enjoyed such a positive start that in less than a year, the partners merged with Touche Niven and A. R. Smart to form Touche, Niven, Bailey & Smart.<ref name="history" /> Headed by Bailey, the organization grew rapidly, in part by creating a dedicated [[management consulting]] function. It also forged closer links with organizations established by the co-founder of Touche Niven, George Touche: the Canadian organization Ross and the British organization George A. Touche.<ref name="history" /> In 1960, the firm was renamed Touche, Ross, Bailey & Smart, becoming Touche Ross in 1969.<ref name="history" /> In 1968 [[Nobuzo Tohmatsu]] formed Tohmatsu Aoki & Co, a firm based in Japan that was to become part of the Touche Ross network in 1975.<ref name="history" /> In 1972 Robert Trueblood, Chairman of Touche Ross, led the committee responsible for recommending the establishment of the [[Financial Accounting Standards Board]].<ref name="history" />

Meanwhile, the head office of Deloitte's firm moved to No. 128 [[Queen Victoria Street, London|Queen Victoria Street]] in London in September 1964.<ref name=densem/> In 1972, Deloitte's firm (by then known as Deloitte, Plender, Griffiths & Co.) merged with Haskins & Sells to form Deloitte Haskins & Sells.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Simplified Family Tree for the Firm of Deloitte Haskins & Sells|url=http://www.icaew.com/-/media/corporate/files/library/subjects/accounting-history/family-trees/family-tree-deloitte-haskins-sells.ashx?la=en|website=Icaew.com|access-date=6 April 2017}}</ref>

In 1989, Deloitte Haskins & Sells merged with Touche Ross in the US to form Deloitte & Touche. The merged firm was led jointly by [[J. Michael Cook]] and Edward A. Kangas. Led by the UK partnership, a smaller number of Deloitte Haskins & Sells member firms rejected the merger with Touche Ross and shortly thereafter merged with Coopers & Lybrand to form Coopers & Lybrand Deloitte (later to merge with Price Waterhouse to become [[PwC]]).<ref name=NYT>[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/05/business/deloitte-touche-merger-done.html Deloitte Touche merger done] ''[[The New York Times]]''</ref> Some member firms of Touche Ross also rejected the merger with Deloitte Haskins & Sells and merged with other firms.<ref name=NYT /> In the UK, Touche Ross merged with Spicer & Oppenheim in 1990.<ref>{{cite web|title=Spicer & Oppenheim|url=https://www.icaew.com/en/library/historical-resources/guide-to-historical-resources/firm-histories/whats-in-a-name/spicer-and-oppenheim|website=ICAEW.com}}</ref>

===Recent history===
At the time of the US-led mergers to form Deloitte & Touche, the name of the firm was a problem, because there was no worldwide exclusive access to the names "Deloitte" or "Touche Ross" – key member firms such as Deloitte in the UK and Touche Ross in Australia had not joined the merger. The name DRT International was therefore chosen, referring to Deloitte, Ross and Tohmatsu. In 1993, the international firm was renamed Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu.<ref name="history" />

[[File:DeloitteOfficeChicago.jpg|thumb|left|Deloitte office building in downtown Chicago]]

In 1995, the partners of Deloitte & Touche decided to create Deloitte & Touche Consulting Group (now known as Deloitte Consulting).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wellesley.edu/Activities/homepage/consultingclub/wetfeet%20-%20deloitte_consulting.pdf|title=Deloitte Consulting, Page 6|website=Wellesley.edu|access-date=10 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409002538/http://www.wellesley.edu/Activities/homepage/consultingclub/wetfeet%20-%20deloitte_consulting.pdf|archive-date=9 April 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2000, Deloitte acquired Eclipse to add internet design to its consulting capabilities. Eclipse was later separated into Deloitte Online and Deloitte Digital.<ref>[http://www.arnnet.com.au/article/91567/deloitte_buys_eclipse/ Deloitte buys Eclipse], ARN, 16 February 2000</ref>

In 2002, [[Arthur Andersen]]'s UK practice, the firm's largest practice outside the US, agreed to merge with Deloitte's UK practice. Andersen's practices in Spain, the Netherlands, Portugal, Belgium, Mexico, Brazil and Canada also agreed to merge with Deloitte.<ref name=anderson>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/11/business/enron-s-many-strands-accountants-british-unit-andersen-defecting-deloitte.html?scp=14&sq=arthur%20andersen%20deloitte&st=Search |title=ENRON'S MANY STRANDS: THE ACCOUNTANTS; British Unit of Andersen Is Defecting to Deloitte |date=11 April 2002 |access-date=24 February 2010 |author=Suzanne Kapner |work=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/13/business/international-business-canadian-unit-to-join-deloitte.html?pagewanted=1 |title=Canadian Unit to Join Deloitte |date=13 April 2002 |work=The New York Times |access-date=24 February 2010}}</ref> The spinoff of Deloitte France's consulting division led to the creation of [[Ineum Consulting]].<ref>[http://www.oracle.com/profit/industry/071408_ineum_.html Ineum Consulting], Oracle.com, August 2008</ref>

In 2005, Deloitte acquired Beijing Pan-China CPA to become the largest accountancy firm in China. Just prior to this acquisition Deloitte China had about 3,200 employees. This acquisition was part of a five-year plan to invest $150 million in China. Deloitte has had a presence in China since 1917.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bennett|first1=James|title=Deloitte expands in China (7 Apr 2005)|url=https://www.accountancyage.com/aa/news/1775966/deloitte-expands-china|website=AccountancyAge.com|date=7 April 2005|access-date=17 April 2017}}</ref>

In 2007, Deloitte began hiring former employees of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) for their [[competitive intelligence]] unit known as Deloitte Intelligence.<ref name="cnbcaccountantsandspies">{{cite news|last1=Javers|first1=Eamon|title=Accountants and spies: The secret history of Deloitte's espionage practice|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/12/19/accountants-and-spies-the-secret-history-of-deloittes-espionage-practice.html?__source=Facebook|access-date=20 December 2016|publisher=CNBC|date=19 December 2016}}</ref>

In 2009, Deloitte purchased the North American public service practice of [[BearingPoint]] (formerly [[KPMG]] Consulting) for $350 million after it filed for bankruptcy protection.<ref>[http://washington.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/2009/03/23/daily20.html BearingPoint to sell business units to Deloitte, PwC], ''Washington Business Journal'', 24 March 2009</ref>

Deloitte LLP took over the UK property consultants [[Drivers Jonas]] in January 2010. As of 2013, this business unit was known as Deloitte Real Estate.<ref>[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/cfcf9962-06cd-11df-b058-00144feabdc0.html Deloitte acquires Drivers Jonas], ''Financial Times'', 21 January 2010</ref>

In 2011, Deloitte acquired DOMANI Sustainability Consulting and ClearCarbon Consulting in order to expand its sustainability service offerings.<ref>[http://www.environmentalleader.com/2010/12/13/deloitte-expands-sustainability-offerings-acquires-clearcarbon-domani/ Deloitte Expands Sustainability Offerings, Acquires ClearCarbon, DOMANI] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513151910/http://www.environmentalleader.com/2010/12/13/deloitte-expands-sustainability-offerings-acquires-clearcarbon-domani/ |date=13 May 2016 }}, ''Environmental Leader'', 13 December 2010</ref>

In January 2012, Deloitte announced the acquisition of Übermind, a mobile advertising agency.<ref>[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/deloitte-acquires-ubermind-establishes-lead-in-the-mobile-revolution-136656363.html Deloitte Acquires Ubermind; Establishes Lead in the Mobile Revolution], Prnewswire.com, 4 January 2012</ref> The acquisition marked Deloitte's first entrance into the mobile application field.<ref name="Ubermind">{{cite web |url=http://www.geekwire.com/2012/confirmed-deloitte-buys-ubermind-making-play-mobile-apps/ |title=Confirmed: Deloitte buys Ubermind, looking to play a bigger role in mobile apps |work=GeekWire |date=4 January 2012 |access-date=2 October 2014}}</ref>

In November 2012, Deloitte acquired Recombinant Data Corporation, a company specializing in [[data warehousing]] and clinical intelligence software, and launched Recombinant by Deloitte.<ref>[http://www.informationweek.com/interoperability/deloitte-buys-recombinant-to-expand-healthcare-analytics-mojo/d/d-id/1107234? Deloitte Buys Recombinant to Expand Healthcare Analytics Mojo] ''InformationWeek'', 6 November 2012</ref> In February 2013 Recombinant by Deloitte merged with an internal [[informatics]] unit (Deloitte Health Informatics) and launched ConvergeHEALTH by Deloitte.<ref>[https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/press-releases/launch-of-convergehealth.html Deloitte announces the launch of ConvergeHEALTH], Deloitte.com, 20 February 2013</ref>

On 11 January 2013, Deloitte purchased substantially all of the business of [[Monitor Group]],<ref name=monitor>{{cite press release |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/deloitte-completes-acquisition-of-monitors-global-strategy-consulting-business-186564461.html |title=Deloitte Completes Acquisition of Monitor's Global Strategy Consulting Business |date=11 January 2013 |access-date=2 October 2014}}</ref><!--Victor M. Lee--> the strategy consulting firm founded by [[Harvard Business School]] professor [[Michael Porter]], after Monitor filed for bankruptcy protection.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-11-07/monitor-company-group-lp-files-for-bankruptcy-in-delaware |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110203452/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-11-07/monitor-company-group-lp-files-for-bankruptcy-in-delaware |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 November 2012 |title=Monitor Company Group LP Files for Bankruptcy in Delaware |work=Bloomberg BusinessWeek |access-date=2 October 2014}}</ref>

In 2014, the company introduced Rubix, a [[blockchain]] consultancy providing advisory services for clients in different business sectors, including government.  In 2016 the company created its first blockchain lab in Dublin. A second hub was launched in New York in January 2017. In 2016, Deloitte Canada set-up a Bitcoin automatic teller machine and equipped a restaurant in its office complex to accept bitcoin as payment. Deloitte CIS partnered with Waves Platform to offering services related to [[initial coin offering]]s. Deloitte became a member of the [[Ethereum|Ethereum Enterprise Alliance]] and the Hyperledger Project sponsored by the [[Linux Foundation]] in May 2017.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nasdaq.com/article/big-4-accounting-firms-are-experimenting-with-blockchain-and-bitcoin-cm812018|title='Big 4' Accounting Firms Are Experimenting With Blockchain And Bitcoin|date=5 July 2017|publisher=NASDAQ|access-date=9 July 2017|language=en-us}}</ref>

In 2016, Deloitte acquired advertising agency Heat of San Francisco, best known for its work ''[[Madden NFL]]'' from [[EA Sports]] and the [[Hotwire.com|Hotwire]] travel website. Heat was the 11th digital marketing agency purchased by Deloitte Digital since its founding in 2012. As of 2016, Deloitte Digital had 7,000 employees. It billed $2.1 billion in 2015, making it one of world's largest digital agencies.<ref>{{cite news|title=Need to Know|work=[[Advertising Age]]|date=7 March 2016|page=4}}</ref><ref name="Vranica">{{cite news|last1=Vranica|first1=Suzanne|title=Deloitte Digital Buys Creative Agency Heat|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/deloitte-digital-buys-creative-agency-heat-1456761163|access-date=21 December 2017|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=29 February 2016}}</ref>

In September 2016, [[Apple Inc.]] announced a partnership with Deloitte aimed at boosting sales of its phones and other mobile devices to businesses. As part of the partnership, the two companies will launch a service called Enterprise Next, in which more than 5,000 Deloitte consultants will advise clients on how to make better use of Apple products and services.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnet.com/uk/news/apple-and-deloitte-partner-on-enterprise-next-service/|title=Apple and Deloitte partner on 'Enterprise Next' service|publisher=CNET|access-date=5 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2016/09/apple-and-deloitte-team-up-to-accelerate-business-transformation-on-iphone-and-ipad.html|title=Apple and Deloitte team up to accelerate business transformation on iPhone and iPad|newspaper=Apple Newsroom|language=en-US|access-date=5 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-partnership-deloitte-2016-9|title=Apple just made a huge deal to push the iPhone into big businesses|newspaper=Business Insider|access-date=5 November 2016}}</ref>

In October 2016, Deloitte announced that they were creating Deloitte North West Europe. The Belgian, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Icelandic, Norwegian, and Swedish member firms will combine with the UK and Swiss member firms to create Deloitte North West Europe. Deloitte, over the next three years, would invest €200m to enhance its services to its global, national and private market clients and to create development opportunities. The firm came into effect on 1 June 2017 and it is estimated to have 28,000 partners and people generating over €5bn in annual revenue. Deloitte North West Europe accounts for approximately 20% of all revenue within their Global Network.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www2.deloitte.com/ch/en/pages/press-releases/articles/deloitte-creates-north-west-europe-firm.html|title=Deloitte targets accelerated growth with additional €200m investment in the creation of North West Europe firm|website=Deloitte.com|access-date=10 October 2017}}</ref>

In March 2022, Deloitte announced that, as a result of the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]], the firm would no longer carry out business in [[Russia]] or [[Belarus]], and would separate its practices within these countries from its global network of firms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/about-deloitte/press-releases/deloitte-statement-on-ukraine-deloitte-global.html|title=Deloitte statement on Ukraine|website=Deloitte.com|access-date=7 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/5b26e0e8-af55-4b33-b55e-4894875c5692 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/5b26e0e8-af55-4b33-b55e-4894875c5692 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=EY and Deloitte exit Russian operations over Ukraine invasion|newspaper=Financial Times|date=7 March 2022}}</ref>

In March 2022, Deloitte acquired Etain, a data and digital transformation specialist company, based in [[Northern Ireland]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Insider |title=Deloitte completes landmark acquisition |url=https://www.insidermedia.com/news/ireland/deloitte-completes-landmark-acquisition |access-date=29 March 2022 |website=Insider Media Ltd |date=29 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

The ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' reported in June 2022 that the firm might choose to divide itself into two new companies, one accounting firm and one advisory firm.<ref name=wsj_0622>{{cite news |last1=Driebusch |first1=Jean Eaglesham and Corrie |title=Deloitte Explores Splitting Auditing, Consulting Arms, Following Ernst & Young |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/deloitte-exploring-splitting-auditing-consulting-arms-following-ernst-young-11654709024?mod=hp_lead_pos2 |access-date=8 June 2022 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=8 June 2022}}</ref> The ''Wall Street Journal'' reported this potential change several weeks after reporting that [[Ernst & Young]] was considering a similar split.<ref name=wsj_0622/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Maurer |first1=Mark |last2=Eaglesham |first2=Jean |title=Accounting Firm EY Considers Split of Audit, Advisory Businesses |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/accounting-firm-ey-considers-splitting-audit-and-advisory-businesses-11653592588?mod=article_inline |access-date=8 June 2022 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=26 May 2022}}</ref>

In November 2023, Deloitte entered into a supply contract with Henchmann, a provider of contract drafting and negotiation software that scans and extracts key data points from legal documents.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Caroline |first1=Hill |url=https://legaltechnology.com/2023/11/29/henchman-secures-deloitte-as-a-client/ |title=Henchman secures Deloitte as a client|website=Legal Insider |date=29 November 2023 |access-date=29 November 2023}}</ref>

In 2024, Deloitte, [[Nvidia]], [[Microsoft]] and [[Amazon Web Services]] provided a combined $40 million in funding to multiple cancer institutes to support the establishment of the Cancer AI Alliance.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Petersen |first=Jerry |date=2024-10-03 |title=AWS, Deloitte, Microsoft & NVIDIA Back Establishment of Cancer AI Alliance |url=https://executivegov.com/2024/10/ai-cancer-alliance-backed-by-aws-deloitte-microsoft-nvidia/ |access-date=2024-10-23 |language=en-US}}</ref>

In May 2025, the company informed its UK consulting division it planned to reduce pay rises and cut bonuses by 20 per cent following poor financial performance.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kissin |first=Ellesheva |date=2025-05-20 |title=Deloitte to cut UK bonuses, pay rises and promotions |url=https://www.ft.com/content/d3231c90-d9dd-4443-b7ce-13ff9f1f9141 |access-date=2025-05-21 |work=Financial Times}}</ref>