Editing Delusion (section)

==Types==
Delusions are categorized into four different groups:

* ''Bizarre delusion'': Delusions are deemed bizarre if they are clearly implausible and not understandable to same-culture peers and do not derive from ordinary life experiences.<ref>{{cite book|title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|year=2013}}</ref> An example named by the [[DSM-5]] is a belief that someone replaced all of one's internal organs with someone else's without leaving a scar, depending on the organ in question.
* ''Non-bizarre delusion'': A delusion that, though false, reflects real–life situations and is at least technically possible; it may include feelings of being followed, poisoned, infected etc.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chowdhury |first=Arabinda N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kXKSDwAAQBAJ |title=Bedside Psychiatry |publisher=Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers |year=2019 |isbn=978-93-5270-985-4 |pages=102 |language=en}}</ref> e.g., the affected person mistakenly believes that they are under constant police surveillance.
* ''Mood-congruent delusion'': Any delusion with content consistent with either a [[Depression (mood)|depressive]] or [[Mania|manic]] state, e.g., a depressed person believes that news anchors on television highly disapprove of them, or a person in a manic state might believe they are a powerful deity.
* ''Mood-neutral delusion'': A delusion that does not relate to the patient's emotional state; for example, a belief that an extra limb is growing out of the back of one's head is neutral to either depression or mania.<ref name="minddisorders.com">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Delusions |url=http://www.minddisorders.com/Br-Del/Delusions.html |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders |publisher=Advameg.com  |access-date=2018-04-22}}</ref>

French psychiatry (which is influenced by [[psychoanalysis]]), however, also establishes a difference between "paranoid" (''paranoïde'') and "paranoiac" (''paranoïaque'') delusion.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Paranoïa (histoire du concept)|encyclopedia=Universalis|language=French|url=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/paranoia-histoire-du-concept/2-la-structure-paranoiaque-des-delires/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Pirlot|first1=Gérard|last2=Cupa|first2=Dominique|date=2019|title=Approche psychanalytique des troubles psychiques|chapter=Chapitre 22. Psychoses passionnelles et délires paranoïaques|pages=218–243 |chapter-url=https://www.cairn.info/approche-psychanalytique-des-troubles-psychiques--9782100785421-page-218.htm|publisher=Dunod}}</ref> The ''paranoid delusion'', observed in [[schizophrenia]], is non-systematized and is characterized by a disorganized structure and confused speech and thoughts.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Paranoïde|encyclopedia=Larousse|url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/parano%c3%afde/76810}}</ref> The ''paranoiac delusion'', observed in [[paraphrenia]], is highly systematized (which means it is very organized and clear) and is focused on a single theme.

===Themes===
In addition to these categories, delusions often manifest according to a consistent theme. Although delusions can have any theme, certain themes are more common. Some of the more common delusion themes are:
* ''[[Delusion of control]]'': False belief that another person, group of people, or external force controls one's general thoughts, feelings, impulses, or behaviors.<ref name="minddisorders.com" />
* ''[[Delusional jealousy]]'': False belief that a spouse or lover is having an affair, with no proof to back up the claim.<ref name="minddisorders.com" />
* ''[[Scrupulosity|Delusion of guilt or sin (or delusion of self-accusation)]]'': Ungrounded feeling of remorse or guilt of delusional intensity.<ref name="minddisorders.com" />
* ''[[Thought broadcasting]]:'' False belief that other people can know one's thoughts.<ref name="minddisorders.com" />
* ''[[Thought insertion|Delusion of thought insertion]]'': Belief that another thinks through the mind of the person.<ref name="minddisorders.com" />
* ''[[Persecutory delusion]]s:'' False belief that one is being persecuted. 
* ''[[Ideas of reference|Delusion of reference]]'': False belief that insignificant remarks, events, or objects in one's environment have personal meaning or significance. "Usually the meaning assigned to these events is negative, but the 'messages' can also have a grandiose quality."<ref name="minddisorders.com" />
* ''[[Erotomania]]'': False belief that another person is in love with them.<ref name="minddisorders.com" />
* ''[[Religious delusion]]'': Belief that the affected person is a god or chosen to act as a god.<ref name=ReligiousDelusion1>{{cite web|title=Religious delusions are common symptoms of schizophrenia.|url=http://www.sciforums.com/showthread.php?t=51361|access-date=17 April 2011|archive-date=22 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110222182646/http://www.sciforums.com/showthread.php?t=51361|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=ReligiousDelusion2>{{cite web| vauthors = Raja M, Azzoni A, Lubich L |title=Religious delusion |url=http://www.sanp.ch/pdf/2000/2000-01/2000-01-058.PDF |access-date=17 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322210939/http://www.sanp.ch/pdf/2000/2000-01/2000-01-058.PDF |archive-date=22 March 2012 }}</ref>
* ''[[Hypochondriasis|Somatic delusion]]'': Delusion whose content pertains to bodily functioning, bodily sensations or physical appearance. Usually the false belief is that the body is somehow diseased, abnormal or changed.<ref name="minddisorders.com" /> A specific example of this delusion is [[delusional parasitosis]]: Delusion in which one feels infested with insects, bacteria, mites, spiders, lice, fleas, worms, or other organisms.
* ''Delusion of poverty'': Person strongly believes they are financially incapacitated. Although this type of delusion is less common now, it was particularly widespread in the days preceding state support.<ref>Barker, p.. 1997. Assessment in Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing in Search of the Whole Person. UK: Nelson Thornes Ltd. p. 241.</ref>
<!-- removed cn-tag because both two sentences are fully supported by this source.
* ''Gender delusion'': Person strongly believes not being of the same gender as their biological body. Affected individuals sometimes refer to themselves being of demi-genders. -->

===Grandiose delusions===
[[Grandiose delusions]] or delusions of grandeur are principally a subtype of [[delusional disorder]] but could possibly feature as a symptom of [[schizophrenia]] and [[Mania|manic]] episodes of [[Current diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder|bipolar disorder]].<ref name="DSM-IV-TR">[[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]] Fourth edition Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) [[American Psychiatric Association]] (2000)</ref> Grandiose delusions are characterized by fantastical beliefs that one is famous, [[omnipotent]] or otherwise very powerful. The delusions are generally fantastic, often with a [[supernatural]], [[science-fiction]]al, or [[Religion|religious]] bent. In colloquial usage, one who overestimates one's own abilities, talents, stature or situation is sometimes said to have "delusions of grandeur". This is generally due to excessive [[pride]], rather than any actual delusions. Grandiose delusions or delusions of grandeur can also be associated with megalomania.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors = Kunert HJ, Norra C, Hoff P |title = Theories of delusional disorders. An update and review |journal = Psychopathology |volume = 40 |issue = 3 |pages = 191–202 |date = March 2007 |pmid = 17337940 |doi = 10.1159/000100367 |doi-access = free }}</ref>

===Persecutory delusions===
{{main|Persecutory delusion}}
Persecutory delusions are the most common type of delusions and involve the theme of being followed, harassed, cheated, poisoned or drugged, conspired against, spied on, attacked, or otherwise obstructed in the pursuit of goals.
Persecutory delusions are a condition in which the affected person wrongly believes that they are being [[Persecution|persecuted]]. Specifically, they have been defined as containing two central elements:<ref name="FreemanGarety2004">{{cite book | vauthors = Freeman D, Garety PA | date = 2004 | title = Paranoia: The Psychology of Persecutory Delusions. | location = Hove | publisher = PsychoIogy Press | isbn = 1-84169-522-X}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=November 2010}} The individual thinks that:
* harm is occurring, or is going to occur
* the persecutors have the intention to cause harm

According to the ''[[DSM-IV-TR]]'', persecutory delusions are the most common form of delusions in [[schizophrenia]], where the person believes they are "being tormented, followed, sabotaged, tricked, spied on, or ridiculed".<ref>{{cite book|title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|location=Washington, DC|year=2000|page=299|isbn=0-89042-025-4}}</ref> In the ''DSM-IV-TR'', persecutory delusions are the main feature of the persecutory type of delusional disorder. When the focus is to remedy some injustice by legal action, they are sometimes called "[[querulous paranoia]]".<ref>{{cite book|title=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|location=Washington, DC|year=2000|page=325|isbn=0-89042-025-4}}</ref>