Editing Demographics of Tuvalu (section)

==Summary==
The population of Tuvalu is predominately of [[Polynesia]]n ethnicity with approximately 5.6% of the population being [[Micronesians|Micronesian]].<ref name="1C2012">{{cite web|title= Population of communities in Tuvalu| publisher=world-statistics.org|date =11 April 2012 |url=http://tuvalu.popgis.spc.int/#l=en;i=ethnic.t_tuvaluan;v=map1;sid=39;z=717733,9074628,48863,33709;sly=eas_32760_xy_def_DR | access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> [[Tuvalu]]ans are ethnically related to the people of [[Samoa]] and [[Tonga]]. There is evidence for a dual genetic origin of Pacific Islanders in [[Asia]] and [[Melanesia]], which results from an analysis of [[Y chromosome]] (NRY) and [[mitochondrial DNA]] (mtDNA) markers. There is also evidence of [[Fiji]] playing a pivotal role in west-to-east expansion within Polynesia.<ref name=ANT>{{cite web|title = Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific |work=Anthrocivitas.net|date = October 2009 | url=http://anthrocivitas.net/forum/showthread.php?t=5420| access-date=23 January 2014}}</ref> The pattern of settlement  believed to have occurred is that the Polynesians spread out from the [[Samoa]]n Islands into the Tuvaluan atolls, with Tuvalu providing a stepping stone to migration into the [[Polynesian outliers|Polynesian Outlier communities]] in [[Melanesia]] and [[Micronesia]].<ref name="SSP">{{cite journal |author= Smith, S. Percy |title= The First Inhabitants of the Ellice Group |journal= Journal of the Pacific Society |volume= 6|year=1897 |pages=209–10}}</ref><ref name="Belwood2">{{cite book |last1= Bellwood|first1= Peter|title=The Polynesians – Prehistory of an Island People |year= 1987 |publisher=Thames and Hudson |pages=29 & 54}}</ref><ref name="Bayard">{{cite book |last1=Bayard|first1=D.T.|title=The Cultural Relationships of the Polynesian Outiers |year= 1976 |publisher=Otago University, Studies in Prehistoric Anthropology, Vol. 9}}</ref><ref name="Kirch">{{cite book |last1=Kirch|first1=P.V.|title=The Polynesian Outiers |year= 1984 |publisher=95 (4) Journal of Pacific History|pages=224–238 }}</ref>

The vast majority of Tuvaluans belong to the [[Church of Tuvalu]], a [[Protestant]] denomination. Their ancestors were converted by [[Christians|Christian]] missionaries in the 19th century.

Infant mortality in Tuvalu was 25 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2012, with an under-five mortality rate of 30 deaths per 1,000 live births. There has been a consistent decline in the under-five mortality rate since 1990.<ref name="AIDS16">{{cite web|title= Global AIDS Progress Report of Tuvalu| publisher= Ministry of Health Tuvalu|date = 2016|url= http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/country/documents/TUV_narrative_report_2016.pdf| access-date=29 November 2017}}</ref>

School attendance at school is 10 years for males and 11 years for [[Women in Tuvalu|females]] (2001).<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url= https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tuvalu/|title= Australia-Oceania :: TUVALU|date= 16 February 2022|publisher= CIA The World Factbook}}</ref> Adult literacy rate is 99.0% (2002).<ref name="IMF 2010">{{cite web|title= Tuvalu: 2010 Article IV Consultation-Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Tuvalu|url= https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.aspx?sk=24632.0|publisher= International Monetary Fund Country Report No. 11/46|date=8 February 2011|access-date=4 September 2011}}</ref>

* Primary school enrollment (2006): 100%<ref name="SB2014">{{cite web|title= Tuvalu: 2014 Article IV Consultation-Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Tuvalu|url= https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2014/cr14253.pdf|publisher= International Monetary Fund Country Report No. 14/253|page=18|date=5 August 2014|access-date=21 March 2016}}</ref>
* Secondary school enrollment (2001): 79.5%<ref name="SB2014"/>

Life expectancy for [[women in Tuvalu]] is 68.41 years and 64.01 years for men (2015 est.).<ref name ="CIA"/>

The population of Tuvalu is recorded by the Central Statistics Department (CSD) of Tuvalu in the census information:<ref name=CSD>{{cite web |url= http://www.spc.int/prism/country/tv/stats/Census%20&%20Surveys/Census_index.htm |title= Census of Population and Housing and sample Surveys |year= 2006 |publisher= Central Statistics Division – Government of Tuvalu |access-date= 17 Oct 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110807224629/http://www.spc.int/prism/country/tv/stats/Census%20&%20Surveys/Census_index.htm |archive-date= 7 August 2011 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

The net migration rate is estimated at -6.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.).<ref name ="CIA"/> The threat of [[global warming in Tuvalu]] is not a dominant motivation for migration as Tuvaluans appear to prefer to continue living on the islands for reasons of lifestyle, culture and identity.<ref name="CMJB">{{cite journal |author= Colette Mortreux & Jon Barnett |url= http://web.env.auckland.ac.nz/courses/geog320/resources/pdf/climate/Mortreux%20and%20Barnett%202009.pdf |title= Climate change, migration and adaptation in Funafuti, Tuvalu |journal= Global Environmental Change |volume= 19 |year= 2009 |pages= 105–112 |doi= 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2008.09.006 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160131200403/http://web.env.auckland.ac.nz/courses/geog320/resources/pdf/climate/Mortreux%20and%20Barnett%202009.pdf |archive-date= 2016-01-31 }}</ref>

The Census Monograph on Migration, Urbanization and Youth provides an analysis of the 2012 census and reported:<ref name="CMMUY">{{cite web|title= Tuvalu Population and Housing Census 2012: Migration, Urbanisation and Youth Monograph|publisher= Central Statistics Department (CSD) of Tuvalu/University of Auckland, New Zealand/United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)|date= 2015|url= http://countryoffice.unfpa.org/pacific/?publications=12319|access-date= 20 March 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160424090931/http://countryoffice.unfpa.org/pacific/?publications=12319|archive-date= 24 April 2016|url-status= dead}}</ref>
* A total of 1,200 people were listed as being out of country on census night with more males (57%) than females (43%) absent. The high proportion in range of ages 15 to 29 years (37% of the total) is described as indicating the significance of overseas tertiary education and training.<ref name="CMMUY"/>