Editing Deportation (section)

==Definition==
Definitions of deportation vary: some include "transfer beyond State borders" (distinguishing it from [[forcible transfer]]),<ref name="CMN"/> others consider it "the actual implementation of [an [[expulsion]]] order in cases where the person concerned does not follow it voluntarily".<ref name="OPIL"/> Others differentiate removal of [[legal immigrants]] (expulsion) from [[illegal immigrants]] (deportation).<ref name="COE">{{cite web|title=Disguised Extradition, i.e., Surrender by Other Means |url=https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=090000168007495d|work=[[Council of Europe]]}}</ref>

Deportation in the most general sense, in accordance with [[International Organization for Migration]],<ref name="IOM">{{cite journal|title=International Migration Law No. 34 – Glossary on Migration |url=https://publications.iom.int/books/international-migration-law-ndeg34-glossary-migration|journal=[[International Organization for Migration|IOM]]|date=19 June 2019 }}</ref> treats expulsion and deportation as synonyms in the context of migration, adding:

<blockquote>
"The terminology used at the domestic or international level on expulsion and deportation is not uniform but there is a clear tendency to use the term expulsion to refer to the legal order to leave the territory of a State, and removal or deportation to refer to the actual implementation of such order in cases where the person concerned does not follow it voluntarily."<ref>W. Kälin, "Aliens, Expulsion and Deportation" in R. Wolfrum (ed) ''Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law'' (2014).{{ISBN?}}{{page needed|date=September 2024}}</ref></blockquote>

According to the [[European Court of Human Rights]], collective expulsion is any measure compelling [[Non-citizens|non-nationals]], as a group, to leave a country, except where such a measure is taken on the basis of a reasonable and objective examination of the particular case of each individual non-national of the group. Mass expulsion may also occur when members of an ethnic group are sent out of a state regardless of nationality. Collective expulsion, or expulsion en masse, is prohibited by several instruments of [[international law]].{{sfn|IOM|2011|p=35}}