Editing Dhrupad (section)

==History==
Dhrupad probably obtained its name from ''dhruvapada'' mentioned in ''Natyashastra'' to denote structured songs.{{Sfn|Te Nijenhuis|1974|pp=81–82}} It is one of the core forms of classical music found all over the Indian subcontinent. The word comes from ''Dhruva'' which means immovable and permanent. It is spiritual, heroic, thoughtful, virtuous, embedding moral wisdom or solemn form of song-music combination.{{Sfn|Caudhurī|2000|pp=33-34}}{{Sfn|Te Nijenhuis|1974|pp=80-81}}  The ''Yugala Shataka'' of Shri Shribhatta in the ''[[Nimbarka Sampradaya]]'', written in 1294 CE, contains Dhrupad lyrics.

The earliest source that mentions a musical genre called ''Dhrupad'' is [[Ain-i-Akbari]] of [[Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak|Abu Fazl]] (1593).{{Sfn|Sanyal|Widdess|2004|p=45}} Extensive works attribute much of the material to musicians in the court of [[Man Singh Tomar]] (fl. 1486–1516) of [[Gwalior]].{{Sfn|Sanyal|Widdess|2004|pp=45–46}} In these accounts from the Mughal court Dhrupad is portrayed as a musical form which is relatively new; and according to Sanyal, most sources agree that Drupad owes its origin to the court of Man Singh Tomar.{{Sfn|Sanyal|Widdess|2004|p=47}} [[Ravi Shankar]] states that the form developed from the ''prabandha'' and flourished starting in the fifteenth century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shankar |first1=Ravi |author-link=Ravi Shankar |title=Raga mala: the autobiography of Ravi Shankar |year=1999 |orig-year=First published 1997 |publisher=Welcome Rain Publishers |location=New York |isbn=978-1-56649-104-4 |page=319}}</ref> The 16th century Bhakti saint and poet-musician [[Swami Haridas]] (also in the ''Nimbarka Sampradaya''), was a well known dhrupad singer with songs dedicated to [[Krishna]]. It became the court music in the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] court with Swami Haridas' pupil [[Tansen]] famous, among other things, for his Dhrupad compositions.<ref>{{cite book |author=Bonnie C. Wade |title=Imaging Sound: An Ethnomusicological Study of Music, Art, and Culture in Mughal India |url=https://archive.org/details/imagingsoundethn00wade |url-access=registration |year=1998 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-86841-7 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/imagingsoundethn00wade/page/114 114]-117}}</ref>

Dhrupad is ancient, and another genre of music called Khyal ([[Gwalior]]) (it has two parts Sthayi and Antara) evolved from it.{{Sfn|Te Nijenhuis|1974|pp=80-81}} Dhrupad is solemn music, uplifting and heroic, pure and spiritual. Khyal adds ornamental notes, shorter, moody and celebratory.{{Sfn|Caudhurī|2000|p=152}}

The ancient practice of dancing on Dhrupad has been reintroduced into recent times by Dr. [[Puru Dadheech]].  Dr Dadheech is India's [[Kathak]] dancer to bring 'Dhrupad' on the formal Kathak stage and this composition in 28 matra.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.afternoondc.in/culture/sunil-performs-the-naayak-in-kathak/article_235028 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711061813/http://www.afternoondc.in/culture/sunil-performs-the-naayak-in-kathak/article_235028 |archive-date=2019-07-11 |title=Afternoondc.in}}</ref>