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Diabetic nephropathy
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==Signs and symptoms== The onset of symptoms is 5 to 10 years after the disease begins.<ref name="nih22">{{Cite web|title=Diabetes and kidney disease: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000494.htm|website=www.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2015-06-27}}</ref> A usual first symptom is frequent urination at night: [[nocturia]]. Other symptoms include [[tiredness]], [[headache]]s, a [[Malaise|general feeling of illness]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], frequent daytime urination, [[Anorexia (symptom)|lack of appetite]], [[Pruritus|itchy skin]], and [[Edema|leg swelling]].<ref name="nih22"/> The clinical presentation of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by proteinuria (protein in the urine), hypertension and progressive loss of kidney function. The process may be initially indolent, making regular screening for diabetic nephropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus of great importance.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kussman|first=M. J.|date=1976-10-18|title=The clinical course of diabetic nephropathy|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=236|issue=16|pages=1861β1863|doi=10.1001/jama.236.16.1861|pmid=989537|issn=0098-7484}}</ref>
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