Editing Diffusion of innovations (section)

== History ==

The [[Trans-cultural diffusion|concept of diffusion]] was first studied by the French [[sociologist]] [[Gabriel Tarde]] in late 19th century<ref name="FFID">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1177/000169939603900404| title = Gabriel Tarde as a Founding Father of Innovation Diffusion Research| journal = Acta Sociologica| volume = 39| issue = 4| pages = 431–442| year = 1996| last1 = Kinnunen | first1 = J.| s2cid = 145291431}}</ref> and by German and Austrian [[anthropologists]] and [[geographers]] such as [[Friedrich Ratzel]] and [[Leo Frobenius]]. The study of diffusion of innovations took off in the subfield of [[rural sociology]] in the midwestern United States in the 1920s and 1930s. Agriculture technology was advancing rapidly, and researchers started to examine how independent farmers were adopting hybrid seeds, equipment, and techniques.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal|last1=Valente|first1=T.|last2=Rogers|first2=E.|year=1995|title=The Origins and Development of the Diffusion of Innovations Paradigm as an Example of Scientific Growth |journal=Science Communication |volume= 16|issue=3|pages=242–273|doi=10.1177/1075547095016003002|pmid=12319357|s2cid=24497472}}</ref> A study of the adoption of hybrid corn seed in Iowa by Ryan and Gross (1943) solidified the prior work on diffusion into a distinct paradigm that would be cited consistently in the future.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="chla.library.cornell.edu">{{cite journal|last1=Ryan |first1=B.|last2=Gross |first2=N.|year=1943 |title=The diffusion of hybrid seed corn in two Iowa communities |journal=Rural Sociology |volume= 8 |issue=1 |url=http://chla.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=chla;rgn=full%20text;idno=5075626_4294_001;view=image;seq=17}}</ref> Since its start in rural sociology, Diffusion of Innovations has been applied to numerous contexts, including [[medical sociology]], [[communication]]s, [[marketing]], [[development studies]], [[health promotion]], [[organizational behavior|organizational studies]], [[knowledge management]], [[conservation biology]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mascia|first1=Michael B.|last2=Mills|first2=Morena|title=When conservation goes viral: The diffusion of innovative biodiversity conservation policies and practices|journal=Conservation Letters|volume=11|issue=3|language=en|doi=10.1111/conl.12442|issn=1755-263X|year=2018|pages=e12442|doi-access=free|bibcode=2018ConL...11E2442M |hdl=10044/1/76315|hdl-access=free}}</ref> and [[complex systems|complexity studies]],<ref name="Greenhalgh 2005 417–430">{{cite journal |last1=Greenhalgh |first1=T. |author-link1=Trisha Greenhalgh |last2=Robert |first2=G. |last3=Macfarlane |first3=F. |last4=Bate |first4=P. |last5=Kyriakidou |first5=O. |last6=Peacock |first6=R. |year=2005 |title=Storylines of Research in Diffusion of Innovation: A Meta-narrative Approach to Systematic Review |journal=[[Social Science & Medicine]] |volume=61 |issue=2 |pages=417–430 |doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.12.001|pmid=15893056 }}</ref> with a particularly large impact on the use of medicines, medical techniques, and health communications.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Berwick |first=DM. |s2cid=26283930 |author-link=Donald Berwick |year=2003 |title=Disseminate Innovations in Health Care |journal=[[JAMA (journal)|The Journal of the American Medical Association]] |volume=289 |issue=15 |pages=1969–1975 |doi=10.1001/jama.289.15.1969 |pmid=12697800}}</ref> In organizational studies, its basic epidemiological or internal-influence form was formulated by H. Earl Pemberton,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.2307/2084831|jstor=2084831|title=The Curve of Culture Diffusion Rate|journal=American Sociological Review|volume=1|issue=4|pages=547–556|year=1936|last1=Pemberton|first1=H. Earl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.worldbank.org/category/tags/institutional-diffusion |title=institutional diffusion &#124; World Bank Blogs |publisher=Blogs.worldbank.org |date=2009-11-16 |access-date=2014-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804135125/http://blogs.worldbank.org/category/tags/institutional-diffusion |archive-date=2014-08-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> such as postage stamps and standardized school ethics codes.

In 1962, [[Everett Rogers]], a professor of rural sociology at [[Ohio State University]]<!--Wikipedians do not use "The" as part of Ohio State's name; it is considered a marketing gimmick, and routinely deleted.-->, published his seminal work: ''Diffusion of Innovations''. Rogers synthesized research from over 508 diffusion studies across the fields that initially influenced the theory: [[anthropology]], early sociology, [[rural sociology]], [[education]], [[industrial sociology]] and [[medical sociology]]. Rogers applied it to the healthcare setting to address issues with hygiene, cancer prevention, family planning, and drunk driving. Using his synthesis, Rogers produced a theory of the adoption of innovations among individuals and organizations.{{sfn|Rogers|1962|p=83}} ''Diffusion of Innovations'' and Rogers' later books are among the most often cited in diffusion research. His methodologies are closely followed in recent diffusion research, even as the field has expanded into, and been influenced by, other methodological disciplines such as [[social network analysis]] and communication.<ref name="RogersShoemaker1971">{{cite book|last1= Rogers |first1=E. |last2= Shoemaker| first2=F. |title=Communication of innovations: a cross-cultural approach|url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=6Lk9AAAAIAAJ}}|year=1971|publisher=Free Press}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1= Easley|first1=D. |last2= Kleinberg| first2=J. |title=Networks, Crowds and Markets: Reasoning about a Highly Connected World|url= https://archive.org/details/networkscrowdsma00easl|url-access= limited|year=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|pages=[https://archive.org/details/networkscrowdsma00easl/page/n514 497]–535|isbn=9780521195331 }}</ref>