Editing Digital Negative (section)

==Rationale for DNG==
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Adobe states that, given the existence of a wide variety of camera-brand-specific [[raw image format]]s, it introduced DNG as a standardized and backward-compatible universal file format.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://helpx.adobe.com/camera-raw/digital-negative.html|title="Digital Negative (DNG)"|access-date=2022-07-28}}</ref> It is based on the [[TIFF]] 6.0 standard.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://helpx.adobe.com/camera-raw/using/adobe-dng-converter.html|title="Adobe Digital Negative Converter"|access-date=2022-07-28}}</ref> Various professional archivists and conservationists, working in institutional settings have adopted DNG for archival purposes.<ref name="UPDIG">universal photographic digital imaging guidelines (UPDIG): [http://www.updig.org/guidelines/ph_file_formats.html File formats - the raw file issue]</ref><ref name="ADSDA">Archaeology Data Service / Digital Antiquity: [http://guides.archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/g2gp/RasterImg_3 Guides to Good Practice - Section 3 Archiving Raster Images - File Formats]</ref><ref name="UofC">University of Connecticut: [http://digitalcommons.uconn.edu/libr_pubs/23/ "Raw as Archival Still Image Format: A Consideration" by Michael J. Bennett and F. Barry Wheeler]</ref><ref name="IUCPSR">Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research: [http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/dpm/dpm-eng/oldmedia/obsolescence1.html Obsolescence - File Formats and Software]</ref><ref name="JISC">JISC Digital Media - Still Images: [http://www.jiscdigitalmedia.ac.uk/stillimages/advice/choosing-a-file-format-for-digital-still-images/#fo3 Choosing a File Format for Digital Still Images - File formats for master archive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116002515/http://www.jiscdigitalmedia.ac.uk/stillimages/advice/choosing-a-file-format-for-digital-still-images#fo3 |date=2011-11-16 }}</ref><ref name="IDEADISC">International Digital Enterprise Alliance, Digital Image Submission Criteria (DISC) [http://www.idealliance.org/sites/default/files/DISCSPECIFICATIONS2007.pdf Guidelines & Specifications 2007 (PDF)]{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="JPGM">The J. Paul Getty Museum - Department of Photographs: [http://www.yale.edu/digitalcoffee/downloads/speedtheplowmcn2009handout.pdf Rapid Capture Backlog Project - Presentation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610105143/http://www.yale.edu/digitalcoffee/downloads/speedtheplowmcn2009handout.pdf |date=2012-06-10 }}</ref><ref name="AIMEMG">American Institute for Conservation - Electronic Media Group: [http://cool.conservation-us.org/coolaic/sg/emg/library/pdf/vitale/2007-07-vitale-digital_image_file_formats.pdf Digital Image File Formats] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214052741/http://cool.conservation-us.org/coolaic/sg/emg/library/pdf/vitale/2007-07-vitale-digital_image_file_formats.pdf |date=2010-12-14 }}</ref><ref name="AABC">Archives Association of British Columbia: [http://aabc.ca/Born_Digital_Photographs.pdf Born Digital Photographs: Acquisition and Preservation Strategies (Rosaleen Hill)]{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

===Objectives===
The objectives of the DNG file format are:<ref name="adobe2004"/><ref name="DMDkevinconnor"/><ref name="DNGmain">Adobe: [https://www.adobe.com/products/dng/ Digital Negative (DNG) - The public, archival format for digital camera raw data]</ref><ref name="DNGintromanufacturers">Adobe: [https://www.adobe.com/products/dng/pdfs/DNG_primer_manufacturers.pdf Introducing the Digital Negative Specification: Information for manufacturers]</ref>
;Digital image preservation (sometimes known as "archiving")
: The [[US Library of Congress]] states that DNG is a recommended alternative to other raw image formats.<ref name="USLOCpreferences">Planning for US Library of Congress Collections: [http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/formats/content/still_preferences.shtml Preferences in Summary]</ref> The Digital Photography Best Practices and Workflow (dpBestflow) project, funded by the United States Library of Congress and run by the [[American Society of Media Photographers|American Society of Media Photographers (ASMP)]], singles out DNG, and states "DNG files have proven to be significantly more useful than the proprietary raw files in our workflow".<ref name="dpBestflowDNG">dpBestflow: [http://www.dpbestflow.org/node/305 Raw File Formats]</ref>
;Easy and/or comprehensive exploitation by software developers
: Software could support raw formats without DNG, by using [[reverse engineering]] and/or [[dcraw]]; but DNG makes it easier, and many software products can handle, via DNG, images from cameras that they have no specific knowledge of,<ref name="PEARSONnotnative">Barry Pearson: [http://www.barrypearson.co.uk/articles/dng/dng_not_native.htm Support via DNG but not native raws]</ref> however, any settings stored in the DNG file by software from one company are unlikely to be recognized by a product from a different company.
;In-camera use by camera manufacturers
: About 12 camera manufacturers have used DNG in-camera. About 38 camera models have used DNG.<ref name="PEARSONcameramakers">Barry Pearson: [http://www.barrypearson.co.uk/articles/dng/products_cameras.htm Products from Camera Manufacturers that support DNG in some way].</ref> Raw image formats for more than 230 camera models can be converted to DNG.<ref name="PEARSONhistory">Barry Pearson: [http://www.barrypearson.co.uk/articles/dng/history.htm A brief history of DNG]</ref>
; Multi-vendor interoperability
: Unlike the proprietary RAW formats used by most cameras, DNG is supported by multiple vendors, and is readable by a multitude of software applications.