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Dimensionless physical constant
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== Terminology == It has been argued the term ''fundamental physical constant'' should be restricted to the dimensionless universal physical constants that currently cannot be derived from any other source;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/constants.html|title=How Many Fundamental Constants Are There?|last=Baez|first=John|authorlink=John C. Baez|date=22 April 2011|website=math.ucr.edu|access-date=2018-04-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite arXiv|last=Rich|first=James|date=2 April 2013|title=Dimensionless constants and cosmological measurements|eprint=1304.0577|class=astro-ph.CO}}</ref><ref name="hep-th1412.2040">{{cite journal|author=Michael Duff |title=How fundamental are fundamental constants?|journal=Contemporary Physics |arxiv=1412.2040|year=2014|volume=56 |issue=1 |pages=35β47 |doi=10.1080/00107514.2014.980093|bibcode=2015ConPh..56...35D |s2cid=118347723 |author-link=Michael Duff (physicist)}}</ref><ref>{{cite arXiv |last1=Duff |first1=M. J. |date=13 August 2002 |title=Comment on time-variation of fundamental constants |eprint=hep-th/0208093}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Duff |first1=M. J. |last2=Okun |first2=L. B. |last3=Veneziano |first3=G. |title=Trialogue on the number of fundamental constants |journal=[[Journal of High Energy Physics]] |date=2002 |volume=2002 |issue= 3|pages=023 |arxiv=physics/0110060 |bibcode=2002JHEP...03..023D |doi=10.1088/1126-6708/2002/03/023|s2cid=15806354 }}</ref> this stricter definition is followed here. However, the term ''fundamental physical constant'' has also been used occasionally to refer to certain universal dimensioned [[physical constant]]s, such as the [[speed of light]] ''c'', [[vacuum permittivity]] ''Ξ΅''<sub>0</sub>, [[Planck constant]] ''h'', and the [[Newtonian constant of gravitation]] ''G'', that appear in the most basic theories of physics.<ref name=":0" /><ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/ NIST</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/physical-constant|title=Physical constant|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2018-04-13|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Karshenboim|first=Savely G.|date=August 2005|title=Fundamental Physical Constants: Looking from Different Angles|journal=[[Canadian Journal of Physics]]|volume=83|issue=8|pages=767β811|doi=10.1139/p05-047|issn=0008-4204|arxiv=physics/0506173|bibcode=2005CaJPh..83..767K|s2cid=475086}}</ref> [[National Institute of Standards and Technology|NIST]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/introduction.html|title=Introduction to the Fundamental Physical Constants|website=physics.nist.gov|access-date=2018-04-13}}</ref> and [[Committee on Data for Science and Technology|CODATA]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mohr|first1=Peter J.|last2=Newell|first2=David B.|last3=Taylor|first3=Barry N.|date=26 September 2016|title=CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2014|journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume=88|issue=3|pages=035009|doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.88.035009|issn=0034-6861|arxiv=1507.07956|bibcode=2016RvMP...88c5009M|s2cid=1115862}} </ref> sometimes used the term in this less strict manner.
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