Editing Dock (section)

==History==
The earliest known docks were those discovered in [[Wadi al-Jarf]], an [[ancient Egypt]]ian [[harbor]], of  Pharaoh [[Khufu#Wadi al-Jarf|Khufu]], dating from c.2500 BC located on the [[Red Sea]] coast.<ref>{{cite news|last=Boyle|first=Alan|title=4,500-year-old harbor structures and papyrus texts unearthed in Egypt|url=http://cosmiclog.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/04/15/17767610-4500-year-old-harbor-structures-and-papyrus-texts-unearthed-in-egypt?lite|newspaper=[[NBC]]|date=15 April 2013}}</ref><ref name=Marouard>{{cite journal |last1=Marouard |first1=Gregory |last2=Tallet |first2=Pierre |year=2012 |title=Wadi al-Jarf - An early pharaonic harbour on the Red Sea coast |journal=[[Egyptian Archaeology]] |volume=40 |pages=40–43 |url=https://www.academia.edu/1819574 |access-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Archaeologists also discovered anchors and storage jars near the site.<ref name=BritishMuseum>{{cite journal|title=Ayn Sukhna and Wadi el-Jarf: Two newly discovered pharaonic harbours on the Suez Gulf|journal=British Museum Studies in Ancient Egypt and Sudan|last=Tallet|first=Pierre|volume=18|year=2012|pages=147–68|issn=2049-5021|url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/PDF/Tallet.pdf|access-date=21 April 2013}}</ref>

A dock from [[Lothal]] in [[India]] dates from 2400 BC<ref>{{Cite web|title=ARCHAEOASTRONOMICAL SURVEYS IN LOTHAL (INDIA)|url=http://www.archaeoastronomy.it/Lothal.htm|last=Codebò|first=Mario|date=2013|website=www.archaeoastronomy.it|access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Frenez|first=D.|title=Lothal re-visitation Project, a fine thread connecting Intis to contemporary Raveena (Via Oman)|publisher=BAR|year=2014|isbn=9781407313269|location=UK|pages=263–267}}</ref> and was located away from the main [[current (water)|current]] to avoid deposition of [[silt]].<ref name="RaoQ"/> Modern [[oceanographers]] have observed that the ancient [[Indus Valley civilisation|Harappans]] must have possessed great knowledge relating to [[tides]] in order to build such a dock on the ever-shifting course of the [[Sabarmati]], as well as exemplary [[hydrography]] and [[maritime engineering]].<ref name="RaoQ"/> This is the earliest known dock found in the world equipped to berth and service ships.<ref name="RaoQ">Rao, pages 27–28</ref>

It is speculated that Lothal engineers studied tidal movements and their effects on brick-built structures, since the walls are of [[kiln]]-burnt bricks.<ref name="Rao2819"/> This knowledge also enabled them to select Lothal's location in the first place, as the [[Gulf of Khambhat]] has the highest tidal amplitude and ships can be [[sluiced]] through flow tides in the river [[estuary]].<ref name="Rao2819"/> The engineers built a [[trapezoidal]] structure, with north–south arms of average 21.8&nbsp;metres (71.5&nbsp;ft), and east–west arms of 37&nbsp;metres (121&nbsp;ft).<ref name="Rao2819">Rao, pages 28–29</ref>