Editing Dodola and Perperuna (section)

== Names ==
{{quote box|align=right|quote=<poem><small>Περπερούνα περπατεί / Perperouna perambulates
Κή τόν θεό περικαλεί / And to God prays
Θέ μου, βρέξε μια βροχή / My God, send a rain
Μιἁ βροχή βασιλική / A right royal rain
Οσ ἀστἀχυα ς τἀ χωράΦια / That as many (as are there) ears of corn in the fields
Τόσα κούτσουρα ς τ ἁμπέλια / So many stems (may spring) on the vines</small>
</poem>|source=<br /><small>Shatista near [[Siatista]], [[Western Macedonia]], Ottoman Empire, 1903<ref>{{cite book |last=Abbott |first=George Frederick |author-link=George Frederick Abbott |date=1903 |title=Macedonian Folklore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M7o8AAAAIAAJ |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |page=119}}</ref></small>}} 

Rainmaking rites are generally called after the divine figure invoked in the ritual songs, as well as the boy or girl who perform the rite, who are called with different names among different peoples (South Slavs, Albanians, Greeks, Hungarians, Moldovans, Romanians, Vlachs or Aromanians, including regions of [[Bukovina]] and [[Bessarabia]]).{{sfn|Ḱulavkova|2020|p=19}} The custom's Slavic prototype name is ''*Perperuna'', with variations:{{sfn|Gimbutas|1967|p=743}}{{sfn|Evans|1974|p=100}}{{sfn|Jakobson|1985|p=22–24|ps=:Mythological associations linked with the butterfly (cf. her Serbian name ''Vještica'') also explain the Bulgarian entomological names ''peperuda'', ''peperuga''}}{{sfn|Čulinović-Konstantinović|1963|p=80, 93}}{{Sfn|Puchner|2009|p=346}}

*''Preperuna'', ''Peperuna'', ''Preperuda/Peperuda'', ''Pepereda'', ''Preperuga/Peperuga'', ''Peperunga'', ''Pemperuga'' in [[Bulgaria]] and [[North Macedonia]] 

*''Prporuša'', ''Parparuša'', ''Preporuša/Preporuča'', ''Preperuša'', ''Barburuša/Barbaruša'' in [[Croatia]]

*''Peperuda'', ''Papaluga'', ''Papaluda/Paparudă'', ''Babaruta'', ''Mamaruta'' in [[Romania]] and [[Moldova]]

*''Perperouna'', ''Perperinon'', ''Perperouga'', ''Parparouna'' in [[Greece]]

*''Perperona/Perperone'', ''Rona'' in [[Albania]]{{sfn|Norris|1993|p=34}}{{sfn|Tirta|2004|pp=310–312}}

*''Pirpirunã'' among [[Aromanians]]

*''Dodola'' (including [[Serbia]] among previous countries, with local variants ''Dodole'', ''Dudola'', ''Dudula'', ''Dudule'', ''Dudulica'', ''Doda'', ''Dodočka'', ''Dudulejka'', ''Didjulja'', ''Dordolec/Durdulec'' etc.).

In [[Albanian language|Albanian]] the rainmaking ritual is also called ''riti i ndjelljes së shiut'' ("Rain-Invoking Ritual"), ''riti i thirrjes së shiut'' ("Rain-Calling Ritual" or "Rite of Calling the Rain") or simply ''thirrja e shiut'' ("Call of the Rain"), ''riti i thatësisë'' ("Drought Ritual"), as well as ''riti me dordolecin'' or ''riti i dordolecit'' ("Dordoleci Ritual"), ''riti i dodolisë'' ("Dodoli Ritual").{{sfn|Qafleshi|2011|pp=51–52}}{{sfn|Ministria|2014|p=66}}{{sfn|Tirta|2004|pp=310–312}}{{sfn|Halimi|Halimi-Statovci|Xhemaj|2011|pp=2–6, 32–43}}

===Etymology===
Some scholars consider all the Balkan names of the type ''per-'', ''perper-'', ''peper-'', ''papar-'', etc. to be taboo-alternations to "avoid profaning the holy name" of the pagan [[Proto-Indo-European mythology|Indo-European]] god ''[[*Perkʷūnos]]''.{{sfn|Evans|1974|p=116}}{{sfn|Gimbutas|1967|p=743}} According to [[Roman Jakobson]] and others ''perperuna'' is formed by reduplication of root "per-" (to strike/beat).{{sfn|Gimbutas|1967|p=743}}{{sfn|Jakobson|1985|p=23}}<ref name="Katicic"/> Those with root "peper-", "papar-" and "pirpir-" were changed accordingly modern words for [[Schinus molle|pepper-tree]] and [[poppy]] plant,{{sfn|Gimbutas|1967|p=743}}{{Sfn|Puchner|2009|p=348}} possibly also [[Hyperpyron|perper]] and else.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Puchner |first=Walter |author-link=Walter Puchner |date=1983 |title=Бележки към ономатологията и етимологиятана българските и гръцките названия на обреда за дъжд додола/перперуна |trans-title=Notes on the Onomatology and the Etymology of Bulgarian and Greek Names for the Dodola / Perperuna Rite |url=https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=17959 |journal=Bulgarian Folklore |volume=IX |issue=1 |pages=59–65 |language=bg}}</ref>{{Sfn|Puchner|2009|p=347–349}} 

Dimitar Marinov derived it from Bulgarian word for butterfly where in folk beliefs has supernatural powers related to rain,{{sfn|Čulinović-Konstantinović|1963|p=94}} but according to Jakobson the mythological context of the customs and links explains the Bulgarian entomological names.<ref>{{harvnb|Jakobson|1985|p=22|ps=:Mythological associations linked with the butterfly (cf. her Serbian name ''Vještica'') also explain the Bulgarian entomological names ''peperuda'', ''peperuga''}}</ref> [[Michail Arnaudov]] derived it from Slavic verb "pršiti" (spray).{{sfn|Čulinović-Konstantinović|1963|p=94}} [[Petar Skok]] considered ''prporuša'' a metaphorical derivation from Slavic ''prpor/pŕpa'' (hot ash), ''pórusa'' ("when water is poured on burning ash"{{sfn|Burns|2008|p=232}}).<ref>{{cite book |last=Skok |first=Petar |author-link=Petar Skok |title=Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika: poni-Ž |url=https://archive.org/details/EtimologijskiRjecnikHrvatskogaIliSrpskogaJezika |language=sh |year=1973 |location=Zagreb |publisher=[[JAZU]] |volume=3 |page=55}}</ref> [[Stanisław Urbańczyk]] and Michal Łuczyński put into question Jakobson's theonymic derivation, deriving instead from Proto-Slavic ''*perpera'', ''*perperъka'' (in Polish ''przepiórka''), name for [[Common quail]], which has a role in Polish harvest rituals and the name of the bride in the wedding dance.{{sfn|Urbańczyk|1991|p=150}}{{sfn|Łuczyński|2020|p=141}} These are also related to ''*pъrpati'' (onomatopoeic), cf. Polish dial. ''perpotać'', ''perpac'', Old East Slavic ''poropriti''.{{sfn|Łuczyński|2020|p=141}}

The name ''Dodola'' has been suggested to be a cognate to the Lithuanian ''Dundulis'', a word for "thunder" and another name of the Baltic thunder-god Perkūnas.{{sfn|Jakobson|1985|p=23}}{{Sfn|Puhvel|1987|p=235}} It is also hypothesised to be distantly related to Greek [[Dodona]] and [[Daedala]].{{sfn|Evans|1974|p=127–128}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Dauksta |first=Dainis |date=2011 |chapter=From Post to Pillar – The Development and Persistence of an Arboreal Metaphor |title=New Perspectives on People and Forests |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxB-HZlbTe0C |publisher=Springer |page=112 |isbn=978-94-007-1150-1}}</ref> Bulgarian variant ''Didjulja'' is similar to alleged Polish goddess [[Dzidzilela]], and Polish language also has verb ''dudnić'' ("to thunder").{{sfn|Jakobson|1985|p=22–23}}

The uncertainty of the etymologies provided by scholars leads to a call for a "detailed and in-depth comparative analysis of formulas, set phrases and patterns of imagery in rainmaking songs from ''all'' the Balkan languages".{{sfn|Burns|2008|pp=232–233}}