Editing Dominance and submission (section)

== History ==
The dominant–submissive relationship fits within the overarching term [[BDSM]] and its lifestyle. ''BDSM'' stands for "[[Bondage (BDSM)|bondage]] and discipline" (B&D), "domination and submission" (D&S), and "sadism and masochism" (S&M).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Jozifkova |first=Eva |date=September 2013 |title=Consensual Sadomasochistic Sex (BDSM): The Roots, the Risks, and the Distinctions Between BDSM and Violence |journal=Current Psychiatry Reports |volume=15 |issue=9 |pages=392 |doi=10.1007/s11920-013-0392-1 |pmid=23933978 |s2cid=29054687 |issn=1523-3812}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Many misconceptions of this relationship and its associated activities come from the fact that early theorists conceptualized that [[sadomasochism]] and BDSM behavior were a symptom of psychopathology.<ref name=":4" /> It was thought that people who participated in this type of sexual play disregarded safety and consent, which influenced the diagnosis, classification, and perception of this type of relationship.<ref name=":4" /> These misconceptions of all participants of BDSM having disordered tendencies have related to the definition and criteria for sadomasochism in the [[DSM-5]]. Therefore, many in the BDSM community do not fit the criteria.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Dunkley |first1=Cara R. |last2=Brotto |first2=Lori A. |s2cid=128359900 |date=22 April 2019 |title=The Role of Consent in the Context of BDSM |journal=Sexual Abuse |volume=32 |issue=6 |pages=<!-- 107906321984284 is not a valid page number --> |doi=10.1177/1079063219842847 |pmid=31010393 |issn=1079-0632}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=January 2021}}

It is possible that this community of BDSM participants was formed in the early 18th century, and maybe even before. For example, the dominant–submissive partnership has been shown in early versions of the ''[[Kama Sutra]]''.<ref name=":4" /> Not only is it shown in literature but also in the actions of ancient rulers that would participate in sexually sadistic torture, [[role-playing|role play]], and finally the assertion of their dominance over subjects. Their actions show severe sadomasochism as well as the early-onset behaviors of the community.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Nitschke |first1=Joachim |last2=Mokros |first2=Andreas |last3=Osterheider |first3=Michael |last4=Marshall |first4=William L. |s2cid=21307046 |date=December 2013 |title=Sexual Sadism: Current Diagnostic Vagueness and the Benefit of Behavioral Definitions |journal=International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology |volume=57 |issue=12 |pages=1441–1453 |doi=10.1177/0306624X12465923 |pmid=23188927 |issn=0306-624X |url=https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/34464/1/1441.full.pdf |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2022-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119130348/https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/34464/1/1441.full.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

The relationship between a dominant and submissive revolves around consent and guidelines. Within the world of BDSM, consent is a core focus and requirement because it is what separates sexual sadism from coercive [[sexual sadism disorder]] in the DSM-5. Sexual sadism disorder and sexual masochism disorder have been changed in order to differentiate between consensual and non consensual partners.<ref>{{Citation |date=2013 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Pain |pages=1080 |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |isbn=9783642287527 |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_100651|title=DSM, DSM-Iv, DSM-Ivr }}</ref> As well as meeting the new criteria to be classified as one or the other, for example, the person being diagnosed must be experiencing personal distress about their [[paraphilia]] rather than distress coming from society's disapproval.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Svenaeus |first=Fredrik |date=27 November 2013 |title=Diagnosing mental disorders and saving the normal |journal=Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=241–244 |doi=10.1007/s11019-013-9529-6 |s2cid=68073693 |issn=1386-7423}}</ref> The growth of dominant and submissive behavior, sadomasochism, and other BDSM activity is evident through its history, from ancient times through the separation from disorder to consensual-community participant.