Editing Doppler effect (section)

==History==
[[File:Picture of the first 'wall formula' in the city of Utrecht 01.jpg|thumb|Experiment by Buys Ballot (1845) depicted on a wall in Utrecht (2019)]]
Doppler first proposed this effect in 1842 in his treatise "''[[Über das farbige Licht der Doppelsterne und einiger anderer Gestirne des Himmels]]''" (On the coloured light of the [[binary stars]] and some other stars of the heavens).<ref name="AlecEden">Alec Eden ''The search for Christian Doppler'', Springer-Verlag, Wien 1992. Contains a facsimile edition with an [[English language|English]] translation.</ref> The hypothesis was tested for sound waves by [[C. H. D. Buys Ballot|Buys Ballot]] in 1845.<ref group=p>{{cite journal | last=Buys Ballot | title=Akustische Versuche auf der Niederländischen Eisenbahn, nebst gelegentlichen Bemerkungen zur Theorie des Hrn. Prof. Doppler (in German) | journal=Annalen der Physik und Chemie |year=1845 | volume=142 | issue=11 | pages=321–351 | doi=10.1002/andp.18451421102|bibcode = 1845AnP...142..321B | url=https://zenodo.org/record/1423606 }}</ref> He confirmed that the sound's [[Pitch (music)#Pitch and frequency|pitch]] was higher than the emitted frequency when the sound source approached him, and lower than the emitted frequency when the sound source receded from him. [[Hippolyte Fizeau]] discovered independently the same phenomenon on [[electromagnetic wave]]s in 1848 (in France, the effect is sometimes called "effet Doppler-Fizeau" but that name was not adopted by the rest of the world as Fizeau's discovery was six years after Doppler's proposal).<ref group=p>Fizeau: "Acoustique et optique". ''Lecture, [[Philomatic Society|Société Philomathique]] de Paris'', 29 December 1848. According to Becker(pg. 109), this was never published, but recounted by M. Moigno(1850): "Répertoire d'optique moderne" (in French), vol 3. pp 1165–1203 and later in full by Fizeau, "Des effets du mouvement sur le ton des vibrations sonores et sur la longeur d'onde des rayons de lumière"; [Paris, 1870]. ''Annales de Chimie et de Physique'', 19, 211–221.</ref><ref>Becker (2011). Barbara J. Becker, ''Unravelling Starlight: William and Margaret Huggins and the Rise of the New Astronomy'', illustrated Edition, [[Cambridge University Press]], 2011; {{ISBN|110700229X}}, 9781107002296.</ref> In Britain, [[John Scott Russell]] made an experimental study of the Doppler effect (1848).<ref group=p>{{cite journal | last=Scott Russell | first=John | url=http://www.ma.hw.ac.uk/~chris/doppler.html | title=On certain effects produced on sound by the rapid motion of the observer | journal=Report of the Eighteenth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science |year=1848 | volume=18 | issue=7 | pages=37–38 | access-date=2008-07-08 }}</ref>