Editing Drohobych (section)

==History==
[[File:Вид за межами комплексу.jpg|thumb|upright|[[St. George's Church, Drohobych|St. George's Orthodox Church]]]]
While there are only legendary accounts of it, Drohobych probably existed in the [[Kievan Rus']] period. According to a legend, there was a settlement, called ''Bych'', of [[salt]]-traders. When Bych was destroyed in a [[Cumans|Cumanian]] raid, survivors rebuilt the settlement in a nearby location under its current name which means a ''Second Bych''. In the time of Kievan Rus', the [[Boryslav#History|Tustan]] fortress was built near Drohobych. However, scholars perceive this legend with skepticism, pointing out that Drohobych is a Polish pronunciation of [[Dorogobuzh]], a common [[East Slavic languages|East Slavic]] toponym applied to three different towns in Kievan Rus'.<ref name=histDroNet>{{cite web|url=http://drohobych.net/about_Drohobych.htm|script-title=uk:Історія Дрогобича|trans-title=History of Drohobych|language=uk|publisher=drohobych.net|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060116003938/http://www.drohobych.net/about_Drohobych.htm|archive-date=16 January 2006}}</ref>

The city was first mentioned in 1387 in the municipal records of Lviv, in connection with a man named Martin (or Marcin) of ''Drohobych''.<ref name=histDroNet/> Furthermore, the same chronicler's ''List of all Ruthenian cities, the farther and the near ones''<ref name=VoskrChron>[http://litopys.org.ua/rizne/spysok/spys09.htm А СЕ ИМЕНА ГРАДОМЪ ВСЂМЪ РУССКЫМЪ, ДАЛНИМЪ И БЛИЖНИМЪ] in [[PSRL]], Т. VII. Летопись по Воскресенскому списку. — СПб, 1856. — с. 240–41.</ref> in [[Voskresensky Chronicle]]<!---"воскресенская летопись"---> (dated 1377–82) mentions {{Lang|orv|Другабець}} ''(Druhabets')'' among other cities in Volhynia that existed at the same time such as {{Lang|orv|Холмъ}} (''[[Chełm|Kholm]]''), {{Lang|orv|Лвовъ Великій}} (''[[Lviv|Lviv the Great]]'').

In 1392 Polish king [[Władysław II Jagiełło|Vladislav II]] ordered the construction of the first [[Roman Catholic]] municipal [[parish church]] ({{Langx|pl|Kosciół farny|links=no}}), using the foundations of older Ruthenian buildings. In the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], the city was the center of large rural [[starostvo]] (county within the [[Ruthenian Voivodeship]]).

Drohobych received [[Magdeburg rights]] some time in the 15th century (sources differ as to the exact year, some giving 1422 or 1460,<ref name=histDroNet/> or 1496<ref name=EncUkr>{{cite encyclopedia|last=Kubijovyč|first=Volodymyr|url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CD%5CR%5CDrohobych.htm|title=Drohobych|encyclopedia=Online Encyclopedia of Ukraine|date=2016|access-date=19 December 2016}}</ref> but in 1506 the rights were confirmed by King [[Alexander the Jagiellonian]]). The salt industry was significant in the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries.
[[File:Дрогобыч. Памятник Юрию Дрогобычу..jpg|thumb|upright|[[Yuriy Drohobych]] Monument]]
From the early seventeenth century, a [[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church|Ukrainian Catholic]] brotherhood existed in the city. In 1648, during the [[Khmelnytsky Uprising]], the Cossacks stormed the city and its cathedral. Most of the local Poles, as well as the Greek Catholics and the Jews, were murdered at the time, while some managed to survive in the [[Bell tower]] not taken in the raid. The 1772 [[Partitions of Poland|partition of Poland]] gave the city to the [[Habsburg monarchy]]. In the 19th century, significant oil resources were discovered in the area, making the city an important center of the oil and natural gas industries.

After [[World War I]], the area became part of the short-lived independent [[West Ukrainian People's Republic]] (ZUNR). The ZUNR was taken over by the [[Second Polish Republic]] after the [[Polish–Ukrainian War]] and Drohobych became part of the [[Lwów Voivodeship]] in 1919. In 1928 the still extant Ukrainian private gymnasium (academically oriented secondary school) opened in the center of the city. The population reached some 40,000 in the late 1920s, and its oil refinery at [[Polmin]] became one of the biggest in [[Europe]], employing 800 people. Numerous visitors came there to view the wooden Greek Catholic churches, among them the Church of St. Yur, which was regarded as the most beautiful such construction in the Second Polish Republic, with [[fresco]]es from 1691. Drohobych was also a major sports center (see: [[Junak Drohobycz]]).

In September 1939, after the [[Invasion of Poland|German and Soviet invasion of Poland]] and according to the [[Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact|Ribbentrop-Molotov agreement]], the city was annexed to [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Soviet Ukraine]]. After the invasion Nazi Germany wanted to incorporate the city into its [[General Government]] due to its oil fields, but the USSR refused and [[Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union|annexed it]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Weinberg |first=Gerhard L. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/world-at-arms/122A2C377C4528D26382982044F8E9DC |title=A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II |date=2005-03-28 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-61826-7 |edition=2 |location=Cambridge |pages=60–61 |language=en}}</ref> In Soviet Ukraine, Drohobych became the center of the [[Drohobych Oblast]] ([[Oblast|region]]). Its local Polish [[Polish Scouting and Guiding Association|boy scouts]] created the [[White Couriers]] organization, which in late 1939 and early 1940 smuggled hundreds of people from the Soviet Union to [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Hungary]] across the Soviet-Hungarian border in the [[Carpathian Mountains]]. In early July 1941, during the first weeks of the [[Operation Barbarossa|Nazi invasion of the USSR]], the city was [[Reichskommissariat Ukraine|occupied by Nazi Germany]].

Pre-war Drohobych had a significant Jewish community of about 15,000 people, 40% of the total population. Immediately after the Germans entered the city, [[Ukrainian nationalism|Ukrainian nationalists]] started a pogrom which lasted for three days, supported by the [[Wehrmacht]]. During 1942 there were several selections, deportations, and murders in the streets, again led by German troops and [[Ukrainian Auxiliary Police]]. In October 1942, [[Drohobych ghetto]] was established with approximately 10,000 prisoners, including Jews brought from neighboring localities. In June 1943, the German administration and troops liquidated the ghetto. Only 800 Jews from Drohobych survived.<ref name="Israel Gutman u. 1995">Israel Gutman u.&nbsp;a. (Hrsg.): ''Enzyklopädie des Holocaust''. München und Zürich 1995, {{ISBN|3-492-22700-7}}, vol.&nbsp;1, p.&nbsp;371.</ref><ref name=HolUSSR>{{cite web|url=http://holocaust.ioso.ru/history/19_20.htm|script-title=ru:Преступления нацистов на территории СССР|trans-title=Nazis crimes in the territory of the USSR|language=ru|publisher=holocaust.ioso.ru|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902053858/http://holocaust.ioso.ru/history/19_20.htm|archive-date=2 September 2006}}</ref> On 6 August 1944, the German occupation ended and the [[Red Army]] entered the city. Despite the large Jewish population prior to the war, a current resident has stated that he was one of only two Jews who came back to his village to live after 1945.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yahadmap.org/#village/drogobych-lviv-ukraine.62|title=Execution Sites of Jewish Victims Investigated by Yahad-In Unum: Execution of Jews in Drogobych|publisher=yahadmap.org|date=2005|access-date=19 December 2016}}</ref> After the war, the city remained an [[oblast]] center until the Drohobych Oblast was incorporated into the [[Lviv Oblast]] in 1959. In Soviet times, Drohobych became an important industrial center of [[Western Ukraine]], with highly developed oil-refining, machine building, woodworking, food, and light industries.

Until 18 July 2020, Drohobych was designated as a [[City of regional significance (Ukraine)|city of oblast significance]] and belonged to [[Drohobych Municipality]] but not to [[Drohobych Raion]], even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven, Drohobych Municipality was merged into Drohobych Raion.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ.|url=http://www.golos.com.ua/article/333466|access-date=2020-10-03|date=2020-07-18|website=Голос України|language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Нові райони: карти + склад |url=https://www.minregion.gov.ua/press/news/novi-rajony-karty-sklad/ |publisher=Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України |language=uk}}</ref>