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==History== The two tier system was first adopted in German companies in the 19th century, and it became compulsory after the [[Second World War]].<ref name="Proctor, Miles 2002">Proctor, Miles (2002). Corporate Governance. Cavendish publishing. {{ISBN|1859416519}}</ref><ref>WÜRDINGER, H. and PENNIGTON, R., R., German company law, London, Oyez publishing, 1975, 37-38 Xiii + 249. </ref> Other countries that adopted a two tier approach include [[Finland]], [[China]], and the [[Netherlands]]. The Singapore Manufacturing Federation recently introduced a ''governance body'' as well.<ref name="1/2 tier govt systems">{{cite web|last1=Cheng|first1=Willie|title=One and Two-tier Governance Systems|url=http://www.btinvest.com.sg/specials/boardroom/one-and-two-tier-governance-systems/|website=BT invest|accessdate=26 October 2014}}</ref> In the European Union, 10 countries require the two-tier approach, 8 countries require the single-tier approach, and 9 countries allow the use of either.<ref name="Eu commission">{{cite web|last1=European Commission|title=Gender Balance in Boards|url=http://ec.europa.eu/justice/gender-equality/files/womenonboards/womenonboards-factsheet-uk_en.pdf|website=European Commission|accessdate=26 October 2014}}</ref>
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