Editing Dunhuang (section)

==Etymology==
A number of derivations of the name ''Dunhuang'' have been suggested by scholars:{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}
# Giles 1892: {{lang|zh|墩煌}} {{Transliteration|zh|Dūnhuáng}} 'artificial mound, tumulus, beacon mound, square block of stone or wood' + 'blazing, bright, luminous'.
# Mathews (1931) 1944: {{lang|zh|敦煌}} {{Transliteration|zh|Tūnhuáng}}, now usually {{Transliteration|zh|Dūnhuáng}} 'regard as important, to esteem; honest, sincere, generous' + 'a great blaze; luminous, glittering'.
# McGraw-Hill 1963: {{lang|zh|敦煌}} {{Transliteration|zh|Dūnhuáng}} ('honest + shining').
# Jáo and Demieville 1971 (French, ''Airs de Touen-houang''): {{lang|zh|燉煌}} {{Transliteration|zh|Dùn}} ({{Transliteration|zh|tūn}}) {{Transliteration|zh|huáng}} 'noise of burning' + 'great blaze' [per Mathews].
# Lín Yǚtáng 1972: {{lang|zh|墩(煌)}} {{Transliteration|zh|Dūn}}({{Transliteration|zh|huáng}}) 'small mound (+ shining)' or {{lang|zh|燉(煌)}} {{Transliteration|zh|Dùn}}({{Transliteration|zh|huáng}}) 'to shimmer (+ shining)'.
# Kāngxī 1716: {{lang|zh|燉煌}} {{Transliteration|zh|Tún huáng}}, also {{lang|zh|敦煌}} {{Transliteration|zh|Tūn huáng}} [''t''=''t’''].
# Mair 1977, [[Ptolemy]]'s c. 150 ''[[Geography (Ptolemy)|Geography]]'' refers to Dunhuang as Greek {{lang|el|Θροανα}} (Throana), possibly from Iranian ''Druvana'' meaning something like "fortress for tax collecting."