Editing Dynasties of ancient Egypt (section)

==List of dynasties in ancient Egyptian history==

{{clear}}
{{Ancient Egypt graphical timeline}}
{| class="wikitable" style="width:1100"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Dynasty
!rowspan="2"|Seat
!colspan="3"|Period of rule
!colspan="3"|Rulers
|-
!Start
!End
!Term
!First to rule
!Last to rule
![[List of pharaohs|List]] / Family tree
|-
!colspan="8"|[[Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)|Early Dynastic Period]]
|-
|[[First Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty I]]
|[[Thinis]]
|3150 BC
|2900 BC
|250 years
|[[Narmer]]
|[[Qa'a]]
|([[List of pharaohs#First Dynasty|list]])<hr/>([[First Dynasty of Egypt family tree|tree]])
|-
|[[Second Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty II]]
|[[Thinis]]
|2880 BC
|2686 BC
|204 years
|[[Hotepsekhemwy]]
|[[Khasekhemwy]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Second Dynasty|list]])
|-
!colspan="8"|[[Old Kingdom of Egypt|Old Kingdom]]
|-
|[[Third Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty III]]
|[[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]]
|2687 BC
|2613 BC
|73 years
|[[Djoser]]
|[[Huni]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Third Dynasty|list]])
|-
|[[Fourth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty IV]]
|[[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]]
|2613 BC
|2494 BC
|112 years
|[[Sneferu]]
|[[Shepseskaf]]<br/>''or''<br/>[[Thamphthis]]{{efn|name="Thamphthis"|The existence of [[Thamphthis]] is not archaeologically attested.}}
|([[List of pharaohs#Fourth Dynasty|list]])<hr/>([[Fourth Dynasty of Egypt family tree|tree]])
|-
|[[Fifth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty V]]
|[[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]]
|2494 BC
|2345 BC
|149 years
|[[Userkaf]]
|[[Unas]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Fifth Dynasty|list]])
|-
|[[Sixth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty VI]]
|[[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]]
|2345 BC
|2181 BC
|164 years
|[[Teti]]
|[[Merenre Nemtyemsaf II]]<br/>''or''<br/>[[Netjerkare Siptah]]{{efn|name="NetjerkareSiptah"|[[Netjerkare Siptah]] could either be the last monarch of Dynasty VI or the founder of Dynasty VIII depending on the historian's characterization.}}<br/>''or''<br/>[[Nitocris]]{{efn|name="Nitocris"|The existence of [[Nitocris]] is not archaeologically attested.}}
|([[List of pharaohs#Sixth Dynasty|list]])
|-
!colspan="8"|[[First Intermediate Period of Egypt|First Intermediate Period]]
|-
|[[Seventh Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty VII]]{{efn|name="DynastyVII"|The only historical account of [[Seventh Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty VII]] was found in ''Aegyptiaca'' by [[Manetho]]. Some historians consider Dynasty VII to be fictitious.<ref name="Papazian2015"/>{{rp|393}}<ref>{{cite book |last1= Wilkinson|first1= Toby|authorlink1=Toby Wilkinson|publisher=Random House|title=The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt|year=2010|location= New York|isbn=9781408810026|page=xiii|chapter=Timeline|quote=The system of dynasties devised in the third century B.C. is not without its problems—for example, the Sixth Dynasty is now recognized as being wholly spurious, while several dynasties are known to have ruled concurrently in different parts of Egypt...}}</ref>{{rp|xiii}}}}
|[[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]]<ref name="Papazian2015">{{cite encyclopedia|title=The State of Egypt in the 100th Dynasty|author1=Hratch Papazian|encyclopedia=Towards a New History for the Egyptian Old Kingdom: Perspectives on the Pyramid Age|series=Harvard Egyptological Studies|editor1=Peter Der Manuelian|editor2=Thomas Schneider|publisher=BRILL|year=2015|url={{Google books|vP3dCgAAQBAJ|page=395|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>{{rp|396}}
|''Unknown''
|''Unknown''
|''Unknown''
|''Unknown''
|''Unknown''
|([[List of pharaohs#Seventh and Eighth Dynasties|list]])
|-
|[[Eighth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty VIII]]
|[[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]]<ref name="Papazian2015"/>{{rp|396}}
|2181 BC
|2160 BC
|21 years
|[[Netjerkare Siptah]]{{efn|name="NetjerkareSiptah"}}<br/>''or''<br/>[[Menkare]]
|[[Neferirkare|Neferirkare II]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Seventh and Eighth Dynasties|list]])
|-
|[[Ninth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty IX]]
|[[Heracleopolis Magna]]
|2160 BC
|2130 BC
|30 years
|[[Meryibre Khety]]{{efn|name="MeryibreKhety"|Some historians consider [[Meryibre Khety]] to be the founder of Dynasty IX,<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = C. Scribner's Sons| last = Petrie| first = William M.F.| title = A History of Egypt from the Earliest Times to the XVIth Dynasty| date = 1897 | page=114-115 | url=https://archive.org/details/ahistoryegyptfr00petrgoog }}</ref><ref name=Gardiner112>[[Alan Gardiner]], ''Egypt of the Pharaohs. An introduction'', Oxford University Press, 1961, p. 112.</ref><ref name=cah>[[William C. Hayes]], in ''[[The Cambridge Ancient History]]'', vol 1, part 2, 1971 (2008), Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|0-521-07791-5}}, p. 464.</ref><ref>{{Cite book | publisher = Blackwell| isbn = 978-0-631-19396-8 | last1 = Grimal| first1 = Nicolas| last2 = Shaw| first2 = Ian| last3 = Grimal| first3 = Nicolas| title = A history of ancient Egypt| location = Oxford| date = 2001 | page = 140 }}</ref> while others believe that Meryibre Khety reigned during Dynasty X.<ref>{{Cite book| edition = 2., verb. u. erw. Aufl| publisher = P. von Zabern| isbn = 978-3-8053-2591-2| last = Beckerath| first = Jürgen von| title = Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen| location = Mainz| series = Münchner ägyptologische Studien| date = 1999 | page = 74 }}</ref>}}
|''Unknown''
|([[List of pharaohs#Ninth Dynasty|list]])
|-
|[[Tenth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty X]]
|[[Heracleopolis Magna]]
|2130 BC
|2040 BC
|90 years
|[[Meryhathor]]
|''Unknown''{{efn|name="Heracleopolis"|An ephemeral ("x months") successor of [[Merikare]].}}
|([[List of pharaohs#Tenth Dynasty|list]])
|-
!colspan="8"|[[Middle Kingdom of Egypt|Middle Kingdom]]
|-
|[[Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XI]]{{efn|name="DynastyXI"|Dynasty XI before the reign of [[Mentuhotep II]] is typically classified as part of the [[First Intermediate Period of Egypt]].}}
|[[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]]
|2130 BC
|1991 BC
|139 years
|[[Intef the Elder|Intef]]
|[[Mentuhotep IV]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Eleventh Dynasty|list]])<hr/>([[Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt family tree|tree]])
|-
|[[Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XII]]
|[[Itjtawy]]
|1991 BC
|1802 BC
|189 years
|[[Amenemhat I]]
|[[Sobekneferu]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Twelfth Dynasty|list]])<hr/>([[Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt family tree|tree]])
|-
|[[Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XIII]]{{efn|name="DynastyXIII"|Some historians classify Dynasty XIII as part of the [[Second Intermediate Period of Egypt]].}}
|[[Itjtawy]]
|1803 BC
|1649 BC
|154 years
|[[Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep]]
|''Unknown''
|([[List of pharaohs#Thirteenth Dynasty|list]])
|-
!colspan="8"|[[Second Intermediate Period of Egypt|Second Intermediate Period]]
|-
|[[Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XIV]]
|[[Avaris]]
|1725 BC
|1650 BC
|75 years
|[[Yakbim Sekhaenre]]{{efn|name="YakbimSekhaenre"|Some historians consider [[Yakbim Sekhaenre]] to be the founder of Dynasty XIV,<ref name=R409>{{harvp|Ryholt|1997|p=409}}</ref> while others believe Yakbim Sekhaenre reigned during Dynasty XVI.<ref name=eglyph>[http://www.eglyphica.de/egpharaonen/inhalt/kings/jakebmu/geburt.html Sekhaenre Yakbim on Egyphica.net]</ref>}}
|''Unknown''
|([[List of pharaohs#Fourteenth Dynasty|list]])
|-
|[[Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XV]]<br/>{{small|(Hyksos)}}
|[[Avaris]]
|1650 BC
|1550 BC
|100 years
|[[Salitis]]
|[[Khamudi]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Fifteenth Dynasty|list]])
|-
|[[Abydos Dynasty|Abydos dynasty]]{{efn|name="Abydos"|The existence of the [[Abydos Dynasty|Abydos dynasty]] is debated.}}
|[[Abydos, Egypt|Abydos]]
|1650 BC
|1600 BC
|50 years
|''Unknown''
|''Unknown''
|([[List of pharaohs#Abydos Dynasty|list]])
|-
|[[Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XVI]]
|[[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]]<br/>''or''<br/>[[Avaris]]
|1649 BC
|1582 BC
|67 years
|[[Anat-her]]
|''Unknown''
|([[List of pharaohs#Sixteenth Dynasty|list]])
|-
|[[Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XVII]]
|[[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]]
|1580 BC
|1550 BC
|30 years
|[[Rahotep]]
|[[Kamose]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Seventeenth Dynasty|list]])
|-
!colspan="8"|[[New Kingdom of Egypt|New Kingdom]]
|-
|[[Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XVIII]]
|[[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]]<br/>''and''<br/>[[Amarna]]
|1550 BC
|1292 BC
|258 years
|[[Ahmose I]]
|[[Horemheb]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Eighteenth Dynasty|list]])<hr/>([[Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree|tree]])
|-
|[[Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XIX]]
|[[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]]<br/>''and''<br/>[[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]]<br/>''and''<br/>[[Pi-Ramesses]]
|1292 BC
|1189 BC
|103 years
|[[Ramesses I]]
|[[Twosret]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Nineteenth Dynasty|list]])<hr/>([[Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree|tree]])
|-
|[[Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XX]]
|[[Pi-Ramesses]]
|1189 BC
|1077 BC
|112 years
|[[Setnakhte]]
|[[Ramesses XI]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Twentieth Dynasty|list]])<hr/>([[Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt#Pharaonic Family tree|tree]])
|-
!colspan="8"|[[Third Intermediate Period of Egypt|Third Intermediate Period]]
|-
|[[Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XXI]]
|[[Tanis]]
|1069 BC
|943 BC
|126 years
|[[Smendes]]
|[[Psusennes II]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Twenty-First Dynasty|list]])<hr/>([[Family tree of the Twenty-first, Twenty-second, and Twenty-third Dynasties of Egypt|tree]])
|-
|[[Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XXII]]<br/>{{small|(Meshwesh)}}
|[[Tanis]]<br/>''and''<br/>[[Bubastis]]
|943 BC
|720 BC
|223 years
|[[Shoshenq I]]
|[[Osorkon IV]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Twenty-Second Dynasty|list]])<hr/>([[Family tree of the Twenty-first, Twenty-second, and Twenty-third Dynasties of Egypt|tree]])
|-
|[[Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XXIII]]<br/>{{small|(Meshwesh)}}
|[[Heracleopolis Magna]]<br/>''or''<br/>[[Hermopolis]]<br/>''or''<br/>[[Thebes, Egypt|Thebes]]
|837 BC
|728 BC
|109 years
|[[Harsiese A]]
|[[Rudamun]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Twenty-Third Dynasty|list]])<hr/>([[Family tree of the Twenty-first, Twenty-second, and Twenty-third Dynasties of Egypt|tree]])
|-
|[[Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XXIV]]
|[[Sais, Egypt|Sais]]
|732 BC
|720 BC
|12 years
|[[Tefnakht]]
|[[Bakenranef]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Twenty-Fourth Dynasty|list]])<hr/>([[Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt#Family tree|tree]])
|-
|[[Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XXV]]<br/>{{small|(Nubian)}}
|[[Memphis, Egypt|Memphis]]<br/>''and''<br/>[[Napata]]
|744 BC
|656 BC
|88 years
|[[Piye]]
|[[Tantamani]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Twenty-Fifth Dynasty (Nubian Period)|list]])<hr/>([[Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt family tree|tree]])
|-
!colspan="8"|[[Late Period of ancient Egypt|Late Period]]
|-
|[[Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XXVI]]
|[[Sais, Egypt|Sais]]
|664 BC
|525 BC
|139 years
|[[Psamtik I]]
|[[Psamtik III]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Twenty-Sixth Dynasty|list]])<hr/>([[Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt family tree|tree]])
|-
|[[Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XXVII]]{{efn|name="DynastyXXVII"|[[Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XXVII]] is a historiographical nomenclature that denotes the first line of [[Achaemenid Empire|Achaemenid]] monarchs that ruled over Egypt.}}<br/>{{small|(Persian)}}
|[[Babylon]]
|525 BC
|404 BC
|121 years
|[[Cambyses II]]{{efn|name="CambysesII"|[[Cambyses II]] was the second monarch of the [[Achaemenid Empire]] and the first Achaemenid ruler to establish control over Egypt.}}
|[[Darius II]]{{efn|name="DariusII"|[[Darius II]] was the ninth monarch of the [[Achaemenid Empire]] and the eighth Achaemenid ruler to rule over Egypt.}}
|([[List of pharaohs#Twenty-Seventh Dynasty|list]])<hr/>([[Achaemenid family tree|tree]])
|-
|[[Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XXVIII]]
|[[Sais, Egypt|Sais]]
|404 BC
|398 BC
|6 years
|[[Amyrtaeus]]
|[[Amyrtaeus]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Twenty-Eighth Dynasty|list]])
|-
|[[Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XXIX]]
|[[Mendes]]
|398 BC
|380 BC
|18 years
|[[Nepherites I]]
|[[Nepherites II]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Twenty-Ninth Dynasty|list]])
|-
|[[Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XXX]]
|[[Sebennytos]]
|380 BC
|343 BC
|37 years
|[[Nectanebo I]]
|[[Nectanebo II]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Thirtieth Dynasty|list]])
|-
|[[Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XXXI]]{{efn|name="DynastyXXXI"|[[Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt|Dynasty XXXI]] is a historiographical nomenclature that denotes the second line of [[Achaemenid Empire|Achaemenid]] monarchs that ruled over Egypt.}}<br/>{{small|(Persian)}}
|[[Babylon]]
|343 BC
|332 BC
|11 years
|[[Artaxerxes III]]{{efn|name="ArtaxerxesIII"|[[Artaxerxes III]] was the eleventh monarch of the [[Achaemenid Empire]] and the first Achaemenid ruler to restore control over Egypt following a 61-year hiatus.}}
|[[Darius III]]{{efn|name="DariusIII"|[[Darius III]] was the thirteenth monarch of the [[Achaemenid Empire]] and the last Achaemenid ruler to rule over Egypt.}}
|([[List of pharaohs#Thirty-First Dynasty (second Persian period)|list]])<hr/>([[Achaemenid family tree|tree]])
|-
!colspan="8"|Greco–Roman Period
|-
|[[Argead dynasty]]<br/>{{small|(Greek)}}
|[[Pella]]{{efn|name="Pella"|The capital of [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|Macedonia]] during its rule over Egypt was [[Pella]]. The Egyptian administrative center during this period was [[Alexandria]].}}
|332 BC
|309 BC
|23 years
|[[Alexander the Great|Alexander III of Macedon]]
|[[Alexander IV of Macedon]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Argead Dynasty|list]])<hr/>([[Argead dynasty#Family tree|tree]])
|-
|[[Ptolemaic dynasty]]<br/>{{small|(Greek)}}
|[[Alexandria]]
|305 BC
|30 BC
|275 years
|[[Ptolemy I Soter]]
|[[Caesarion]]
|([[List of pharaohs#Ptolemaic Dynasty|list]])<hr/>([[Ptolemaic dynasty#Ptolemaic family tree|tree]])
|-
|colspan="8"style="text-align: center;"|Egypt was incorporated into the [[Roman Republic]] in 30 BCE.<br/>{{small|(see [[Egypt (Roman province)|Roman Egypt]], [[Roman pharaoh]] and [[List of Roman dynasties]])}}
|}
<br/>
{{Wide image|Reigning times of the 31 Egyptian Dynasties.png|600px|The 31 pre-Ptolemaic dynasties by the length of their rule (in 25-year bins),{{efn|name="Example"|Starting on the far right of this chart, only one dynasty lasted over 250 years (18th dynasty). Two dynasties lasted between 200 and 225 years (two boxes). One dynasty lasted between 175 and 200 years (one box), etc.}} each dynasty being a coloured box. The early dynasties and the three Kingdoms are blue, with darker colours meaning older. Intermediate periods are red, orange, and yellow. Note that multiple dynasties could reign from different cities simultaneously in intermediate periods and at the end of the Middle Kingdom. Dynastic reigning times are often very approximate; the above uses the dates of the Egyptian dynasty list template.}}