Editing ESPCI Paris (section)

==History==
{{Main article|History of ESPCI Paris}}
At the end of the 19th century, following the annexation of Alsace and Lorraine by Germany, France lost the [[École nationale supérieure de chimie de Mulhouse|École de Chimie de Mulhouse]] (Mulhouse Chemistry School), which was at that time the best chemistry school in the country. One of its professors, Charles Lauth, obtained permission from the government in 1878 to create a [[Grande École]]. In 1882 the École Supérieure de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris was established and became ESPCI, its current name, in 1948. Since its foundation, the founders of the school have emphasized [[pluridisciplinarity]]. Biology was introduced in 1994. There are no tuition fees at ESPCI.

After its establishment, the school rapidly became a meeting spot for the best scientists. From 1880 on, Pierre and Jacques Curie started a serie of research on crystal electrical properties that led to the [[piezoelectricity]] discovery. In 1897, Marie Curie started her work on uranic rays discovered by Becquerel one year earlier. After numerous experiments in the ESPCI laboratories, she discovered that pitchblende was 4 times more radioactive than uranium or thorium.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sklodowska Curie|first=Marie|title=Rays emitted by compounds of uranium and of thorium|journal=Comptes Rendus|year=1898|volume=126|pages=1101–1103|url=http://web.lemoyne.edu/~giunta/curie98.html|access-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> In July 1898, the Curies announced the discovery of polonium and in December of the same year that of radium. [[Pierre Curie|Pierre]] and [[Marie Curie]] received the Physics [[Nobel Prize]] in 1903. After the death of her husband, Marie Curie was granted the Chemistry Nobel Prize in 1911.

Many former students have distinguished themselves, amongst which are [[Georges Claude]] (5th year), founder of [[Air Liquide]], [[Paul Langevin]] (7th year), physicist and inventor and [[Frédéric Joliot-Curie]] (39th year), founder of the [[Commissariat à l'énergie atomique|CEA]] and Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 with his wife [[Irène Joliot-Curie]].

In 1976, [[Pierre-Gilles de Gennes]] (Nobel Prize 1991) became Director of the school and remained in this position until his retirement in 2002.

In 2015, the city of Paris announced a major renovation plan, in order to modernize the buildings and laboratories of the school. Renovation work should start in 2018 and last five years.