Editing Eastern Bloc (section)

==Terminology==
The term Eastern Bloc was often used interchangeably with the term [[Second World]]. This broadest usage of the term would include not only [[Maoist China]] and [[Democratic Kampuchea|Cambodia]], but also short-lived Soviet satellites such as the [[Second East Turkestan Republic]] (1944–1949), the [[People's Republic of Azerbaijan]] (1945–1946) and the [[Republic of Mahabad]] (1946), as well as the Marxist–Leninist states straddling the Second and Third Worlds before the end of the Cold War: the [[People's Democratic Republic of Yemen]] (from 1967), the [[People's Republic of the Congo]] (from 1969), the [[People's Republic of Benin]], the [[People's Republic of Angola]] and [[People's Republic of Mozambique]] from 1975, the [[People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada]] from 1979 to 1983, the [[Derg]]/[[People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia]] from 1974, and the [[Somali Democratic Republic]] from 1969 until the [[Ogaden War]] in 1977.<ref>Ludlow, N. Piers, ''European integration and the Cold War: Ostpolitik-Westpolitik, 1965–1973'', Routledge, 2007, {{ISBN|0-415-42109-8}}, pp. 37, 39</ref><ref>Ahonen, Pertti, ''After the expulsion: West Germany and Eastern Europe, 1945–1990'', Oxford University Press, 2003, {{ISBN|0-19-925989-5}}, pp. 125-126 & 183</ref><ref>Zwass, Adam, ''Globalization of Unequal National Economies: Players and Controversies'', M.E. Sharpe, 2002, {{ISBN|0-7656-0731-X}}, p. 214</ref><ref>Skinner, Kiron F., ''The strategy of campaigning: lessons from Ronald Reagan & Boris Yeltsin'', University of Michigan Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-472-11627-4}}, pp. 137–138</ref> Although not [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist–Leninist]], leadership of [[Ba'athist Syria]] officially regarded their countries as part of the Socialist Bloc and established a close economic, military alliance with the Soviet Union.<ref name="Gasztold-Seń, Trentin, Adamec 2014">{{Cite book |first1=Przemysław |last1=Gasztold-Seń |first2=Massimiliano |last2=Trentin |first3=Jan |last3=Adamec |url=https://ojs.st-andrews.ac.uk/index.php/syria/article/view/1462 |title=Syria During the Cold War: The East European Connection |publisher=University of St Andrews, Centre for Syrian Studies |year=2014 |isbn=9780956873224}}</ref><ref name="Ginat 150–171">{{Cite journal |last=Ginat |first=Rami |date=April 2000 |title=The Soviet Union and the Syrian Ba'th regime: From hesitation to Rapprochement |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4284075 |journal=Middle Eastern Studies |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=150–171 |doi=10.1080/00263200008701312 |jstor=4284075 |s2cid=144922816 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Many states were accused by the Western Bloc of being in the Eastern Bloc when they were part of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]]. The most limited definition of the Eastern Bloc would only include the Warsaw Pact states and the [[Mongolian People's Republic]] as former satellite states most dominated by the Soviet Union. [[Cuba]]'s defiance of complete Soviet control was noteworthy enough that Cuba was sometimes excluded as a satellite state altogether, as it sometimes intervened in other Third World countries even when the Soviet Union opposed this.<ref name="Piero" />

Post-1991 usage of the term "Eastern Bloc" may be more limited in referring to the states forming the [[Warsaw Pact]] (1955–1991) and [[People's Republic of Mongolia|Mongolia]] (1924–1991), which are no longer communist states.<ref name="satyendra">{{Citation |last1=Satyendra |first1=Kush |title=Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Political Science |page=65 |year=2003 |publisher=Sarup & Sons |isbn=978-81-7890-071-1 |quote="The countries of Eastern Europe under communism"}}</ref><ref name="Janzen">{{cite book | last1 = Janzen | first1 = Jörg | last2 = Taraschewski | first2 = Thomas | editor-last = Shahshahānī | editor-first = Suhaylā | title = Cities of Pilgrimage | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0T7DAJqAN7wC| series = Iuaes-series | volume = 4 | year = 2009 | publisher = LIT Verlag | location = Münster | isbn = 9783825816186 | page = 190 | quote = Until 1990, despite being a formally independent state, Mongolia had ''de facto'' been an integral part of the Soviet-dominated Eastern Bloc. | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150905212712/https://books.google.com/books?id=0T7DAJqAN7wC | archive-date = 5 September 2015 | url-status = live }}</ref> Sometimes they are more generally referred to as "the countries of Eastern Europe under communism",<ref>Satyendra, Kush, ''Encyclopaedic dictionary of political science'', Sarup & Sons, 2003, {{ISBN|81-7890-071-8}}, p. 65</ref> excluding Mongolia, but including [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] and [[People's Socialist Republic of Albania|Albania]] which had both split with the [[Soviet Union]] by the 1960s.<ref name=houghlin>{{Citation|last1=Hirsch|first1=Donald|first2=Joseph F.|last2=Kett|first3=James S.|last3=Trefil|title=The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|year=2002|isbn=978-0-618-22647-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/newdictionaryofc00hirs/page/316 316]|quote=Eastern Bloc. The name applied to the former communist states of eastern Europe, including Yugoslavia and Albania, as well as the countries of the Warsaw Pact|url=https://archive.org/details/newdictionaryofc00hirs/page/316}}</ref>

Even though Yugoslavia was a socialist country, it was not a member of the Comecon or the Warsaw Pact. Parting with the USSR in 1948, Yugoslavia did not belong to the East, but it also did not belong to the West because of its socialist system and its status as a founding member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]].<ref name="Glisic">{{Citation|last1=Glisic|first1=Jelena|title=East-West Trade and Japanese-Yugoslav Relations during the Cold War|publisher=Acta Slavica Iaponica|year=1976|pages=120 and 121|quote=The Eastern bloc was composed of socialist states, who were members of the Warsaw Pact and The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON), led by the USSR.&nbsp;... In works examining the Western bloc countries' [[International relations|relations]] with the Eastern bloc, Yugoslavia was not considered part of the Eastern bloc.}}
</ref> However, some sources consider [[Yugoslavia]] to be a member of the Eastern Bloc.<ref name=houghlin/><ref>{{Citation|last1=Teichova|first1=Alice|first2=Matis|last2=Herbert|title=Nation, state, and the economy in history|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-521-79278-3|page=150|quote=Within the Eastern Bloc, Poland, Yugoslavia and Hungary tended to be reformist and deviated most from the rigid Soviet model}}
</ref>{{sfn|Cook|2001|p=897|ps=: "In the Eastern Bloc, only Yugoslavia, alongside efforts to eradicate or at least degrade previously existing nationalisms, made the gallant attempt to both foster a new nationalism and a new identify, that of being a Yugoslav."}}<ref>{{Citation|last1=Ahonen|first1=Pertti|title=After the Expulsion: West Germany and Eastern Europe, 1945–1990|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2003|page=212|quote=The other Eastern bloc states – except Romania's fellow mavericks Albania and Yugoslavia – reacted to the breakthrough between Bonn and Bucharest by coordinating their own stances towards the Federal Republic.}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=White |first1=N. D. |title=The United Nations and the maintenance of international peace and security |page=183 |year=1990 |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-0-7190-3227-1 |quote=Nevertheless, the Eastern Bloc countries, including Albania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia, argued that UNSCOB had been constituted illegally}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last1=Library of Congress|title=The Quarterly journal of the Library of Congress|publisher=Library of Congress|year=1980|volume=37|quote=80 Yugoslavia is perhaps the most international of the Eastern Bloc countries. }}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last1=Ryan|first1=James|first2=Hana|last2=Mastrini|first3=Mark|last3=Baker|title=Eastern Europe|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|year=2009|isbn=978-0-470-39908-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/frommerseasterne00bake_0/page/651 651]|quote=Tito played his cards right and – unlike other Eastern Bloc countries – Yugoslavia enjoyed a fairly open relationship with the rest of the world|url=https://archive.org/details/frommerseasterne00bake_0/page/651}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last1=Stanilov|first1=Kiril|title=The post-socialist city: urban form and space transformations in Central and Eastern Europe after socialism|publisher=Springer|year=2007|isbn=978-1-4020-6052-6|page=362|quote=During the socialist period, Yugoslavia was marked by a system of socialist self-management, which place greater importance not he development of market-type relations in the economy than any of the other socialist countries of Europe. This strategy was a significant factor in achieving a higher [[standard of living]] and a lower level of under-urbanization compared to other members of the Eastern Bloc.}}</ref> Others consider Yugoslavia not to be a member after it broke with Soviet policy in the 1948 [[Tito–Stalin split]].<ref>{{Citation|last1=Hawkesworth|first1=M. E.|first2=John|last2=Paynter|title=Encyclopedia of government and politics|publisher=Routledge|year=1992|isbn=978-0415072250|page=[https://archive.org/details/companiontoconte0000unse/page/1244 1244]|quote=The processes of change in the Eastern Bloc affected Yugoslavia as well, although this country, having been outside the bloc since 1948, had evolved specific political, economic and federal systems of its own.|url=https://archive.org/details/companiontoconte0000unse/page/1244}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last1=Binder|first1=David|title=Many from Eastern Bloc Seek Yugoslav Asylum |work=[[The New York Times]] |year=1982}}</ref><ref name="Glisic"/>