Editing Economic value added (section)

==Calculation==
EVA is net operating profit after taxes (or [[NOPAT]]) less a capital charge, the latter being the product of the cost of capital and the economic capital. The basic formula is:

:<math>
\begin{align}
\text{EVA} & = ( \text{ROIC} - \text{WACC} ) \cdot (\text{total assets} - \text{current liability}) \\[8pt]
& = \text{NOPAT} - \text{WACC} \cdot (\text{total assets} - \text{current liability})
\end{align}
</math>

where:

*<math> \text{ROIC} = \frac{\text{NOPAT}} {\text{total assets} - \text{current liability}} </math> is the [[return on invested capital]];
*<math> (\text{WACC}) \,</math> is the [[weighted average cost of capital]] (WACC);
*<math> (\text{total assets} - \text{current liability}) \,</math>is the economic capital employed (total assets − current liability);
*NOPAT is the net operating profit after tax, with adjustments and translations, generally for the amortization of goodwill, the capitalization of brand advertising and other non-cash items.

EVA calculation:

''EVA = net operating profit after taxes – a capital charge'' [the residual income method]

therefore EVA = NOPAT – (''c'' × capital), or alternatively

: EVA = (''r'' × capital) – (''c'' × capital) so that

: EVA = (''r'' − ''c'') × capital [the spread method, or excess return method]

where
: ''r'' = rate of return, and
: ''c'' = cost of capital, or the weighted average cost of capital (WACC).

NOPAT is profits derived from a company's operations after cash taxes but before financing costs and non-cash bookkeeping entries. It is the total pool of profits available to provide a cash return to those who provide capital to the firm.

Capital is the amount of cash invested in the business, net of depreciation. It can be calculated as the sum of interest-bearing debt and equity or as the sum of net assets less non-interest-bearing current liabilities (NIBCLs).

The capital charge is the cash flow required to compensate investors for the riskiness of the business given the amount of economic capital invested.

The cost of capital is the minimum rate of return on capital required to compensate investors (debt and equity) for bearing risk, their opportunity cost.

Another perspective on EVA can be gained by looking at a firm's return on net assets (RONA). RONA is a ratio that is calculated by dividing a firm's NOPAT by the amount of capital it employs (RONA = NOPAT/Capital) after making the necessary adjustments to the data reported by a conventional financial accounting system.

: EVA = (RONA – required minimum return) × net investments

If RONA is above the threshold rate, EVA is positive.