Editing Egyptian numerals (section)

==Digits and numbers==
The following hieroglyphs were used to denote [[Exponentiation|powers]] of ten:
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align:center;" cellpadding="2"
|- style="background-color:#ccdd33;"
!Value
|1
|10
|100
|1,000
|10,000
|100,000
|1 million, or<br>many
|- align="center"
!Hieroglyph
|<hiero>Z1</hiero>
|<hiero>V20</hiero>
|<hiero>V1</hiero>
|<hiero>M12</hiero>
|<hiero>D50</hiero>
|<hiero>I8</hiero>
|<hiero>C11</hiero>
|-
! [[Gardiner's sign list]] ID
|Z1
|V20
|V1
|M12
|D50
|I8
|C11
|- style="font-size:85%"
!Description
| Single stroke
| Cattle [[Hobble (device)|hobble]]
| Coil of [[rope]]
| [[Nymphaea lotus|Water lily]]<br/>(also called lotus)
| Bent finger
|Froglet
| [[Heh (god)|Heh]]<ref>[[Uta Merzbach|Merzbach, Uta C.]], and Carl B. Boyer. A History of Mathematics. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley, 2011, p. 10</ref>
|}

Multiples of these values were expressed by repeating the symbol as many times as needed. For instance, a stone carving from [[Karnak]] shows the number 4,622 as:
{| align="center"
|<hiero>M12-M12-M12-M12-!-V1*V1*V1:V1*V1*V1-!-V20-V20-Z1-Z1</hiero>
|}

Egyptian hieroglyphs could be written in [[Bi-directional text|both directions]] (and even vertically). In this example the symbols decrease in value from top to bottom and from left to right. On the original stone carving, it is right-to-left, and the signs are thus reversed.{{fact|date=December 2020}}