Editing Electromagnetic shielding (section)

==Materials used==
[[File:Disassembled_laptop.jpg|thumb|A laptop case with visible copper electromagnetic interference (EMI) coating shield on the inside. Such coatings are usually deposited by using [[electroless plating]]. It is applied both to home appliances and [[medical device]]s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Medical Device EMI Shielding |publisher=Cybershield |url=https://www.cybershieldinc.com/medical-device-emi-shielding/ |access-date=2023-05-02}}</ref>]]

Typical materials used for electromagnetic shielding include thin layer of metal, [[sheet metal]], metal screen, and [[metal foam]]. Common sheet metals for shielding include copper, brass, nickel, silver, steel, and tin. Shielding effectiveness, that is, how well a shield reflects or absorbs/suppresses electromagnetic radiation, is affected by the physical properties of the metal. These may include conductivity, solderability, permeability, thickness, and weight. A metal's properties are an important consideration in material selection. For example, electrically dominant waves are reflected by highly conductive metals like copper, silver, and brass, while magnetically dominant waves are absorbed/suppressed by a less conductive metal such as steel or [[stainless steel]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ceptech.net/understanding-emi-rfi-shielding-to-manage-interference/|title=Understanding EMI/RFI Shielding to Manage Interference|website=Ceptech|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref> Further, any holes in the shield or mesh must be significantly smaller than the [[wavelength]] of the radiation that is being kept out, or the enclosure will not effectively approximate an unbroken conducting surface.

Another commonly used shielding method, especially with electronic goods housed in plastic enclosures, is to coat the inside of the enclosure with a metallic ink or similar material. The ink consists of a carrier material loaded with a suitable metal, typically [[copper]] or [[nickel]], in the form of very small particulates. It is sprayed on to the enclosure and, once dry, produces a continuous conductive layer of metal, which can be electrically connected to the [[chassis ground]] of the equipment, thus providing effective shielding.

Electromagnetic shielding is the process of lowering the electromagnetic field in an area by barricading it with conductive or magnetic material.  [[Copper]] is used for radio frequency (RF) shielding because it absorbs [[radio wave|radio]] and other [[electromagnetic wave]]s. Properly designed and constructed [[Copper in architecture#Radio frequency shielding|RF shielding enclosures]] satisfy most RF shielding needs, from computer and electrical switching rooms to hospital [[CAT-scan]] and [[MRI]] facilities.<ref>Seale, Wayne (2007). "The role of copper, brass, and bronze in architecture and design". ''Metal Architecture''. May 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.copper.org/applications/architecture/arch_dhb/fundamentals/radio_shielding.html "Radio frequency shielding"]. ''Copper in Architecture Design Handbook''. Copper Development Association Inc. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807111854/https://www.copper.org/applications/architecture/arch_dhb/technical-discussion/fundamentals/radio_shielding.html |date=2020-08-07 }}</ref>

EMI (electromagnetic interference) shielding is of great research interest and several new types of nanocomposites made of ferrites, polymers, and 2D materials are being developed to obtain more efficient RF/microwave-absorbing materials (MAMs).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mohapatra |first1=Prajna P. |last2=Ghosh |first2=Sagnik |last3=Jain |first3=Ashish |last4=Aich |first4=Suman |last5=Dobbidi |first5=Pamu |date=2023-05-01 |title=Rare earth substituted lithium ferrite/carbon black ceramic composites for shielding electromagnetic radiation |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030488532300327X |journal=Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials |language=en |volume=573 |pages=170678 |doi=10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.170678 |bibcode=2023JMMM..57370678M |s2cid=257867862 |issn=0304-8853|url-access=subscription }}</ref> EMI shielding is often achieved by [[electroless plating]] of copper as most popular plastics are non-conductive or by special conductive paint.<ref name=":0" />